Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2024-25 at Agricultural Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur (Rajasthan) to evaluate the effect of organic manures and sulphur on growth, yield, soil fertility, and economics of crop production. The treatments included combinations of vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹), farmyard manure (10 t ha⁻¹),), and sulphur (0, 10, and 20 kg ha⁻¹). Results revealed that the application of vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹) (T8) significantly improved plant height (119.36 cm), number of capsules per plant (69.52), seeds per capsule (60.68), test weight (3.25 g), and grain yield (885.36 kg ha⁻¹). This treatment also resulted in enhanced soil organic carbon (0.48%), available N (164.36 kg ha⁻¹), P (16.85 kg ha⁻¹), K (199.32 kg ha⁻¹), and S (12.36 kg ha⁻¹), along with reduced bulk density (1.31 Mg m⁻³). Economically, T8 recorded the highest net return (₹44,409 ha⁻¹) and benefit-cost ratio (2.12). The study concludes that the integrated use of vermicompost and sulphur is a viable strategy for improving crop productivity, soil health, and farm profitability under sustainable agricultural practices.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus sulphur improved plant height to 119.36 cm.
- Taxon
- Sesame
Sesamum indicumt0 - Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 119.36 cme0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“application of vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹) (T8) significantly improved plant height (119.36 cm), number of capsules per plant (69.52), seeds per capsule (60.68), test weight (3.25 g), and grain yield (885.36 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus sulphur improved number of capsules per plant to 69.52.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- number of capsules per plante0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 69.52e0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“application of vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹) (T8) significantly improved plant height (119.36 cm), number of capsules per plant (69.52), seeds per capsule (60.68), test weight (3.25 g), and grain yield (885.36 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus sulphur improved seeds per capsule to 60.68.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- seeds per capsulee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 60.68e0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“application of vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹) (T8) significantly improved plant height (119.36 cm), number of capsules per plant (69.52), seeds per capsule (60.68), test weight (3.25 g), and grain yield (885.36 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus sulphur improved test weight to 3.25 g.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3.25 ge0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“application of vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹) (T8) significantly improved plant height (119.36 cm), number of capsules per plant (69.52), seeds per capsule (60.68), test weight (3.25 g), and grain yield (885.36 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus sulphur improved grain yield to 885.36 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 885.36 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“application of vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹) (T8) significantly improved plant height (119.36 cm), number of capsules per plant (69.52), seeds per capsule (60.68), test weight (3.25 g), and grain yield (885.36 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment enhanced soil organic carbon to 0.48%.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e1
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 0.48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“This treatment also resulted in enhanced soil organic carbon (0.48%), available N (164.36 kg ha⁻¹), P (16.85 kg ha⁻¹), K (199.32 kg ha⁻¹), and S (12.36 kg ha⁻¹), along with reduced bulk density (1.31 Mg m⁻³)”
e1“vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment enhanced available N to 164.36 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e1
- Outcome
- available Ne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 164.36 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“This treatment also resulted in enhanced soil organic carbon (0.48%), available N (164.36 kg ha⁻¹), P (16.85 kg ha⁻¹), K (199.32 kg ha⁻¹), and S (12.36 kg ha⁻¹), along with reduced bulk density (1.31 Mg m⁻³)”
e1“vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment enhanced P to 16.85 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e1
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 16.85 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“This treatment also resulted in enhanced soil organic carbon (0.48%), available N (164.36 kg ha⁻¹), P (16.85 kg ha⁻¹), K (199.32 kg ha⁻¹), and S (12.36 kg ha⁻¹), along with reduced bulk density (1.31 Mg m⁻³)”
e1“vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment enhanced K to 199.32 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e1
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 199.32 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“This treatment also resulted in enhanced soil organic carbon (0.48%), available N (164.36 kg ha⁻¹), P (16.85 kg ha⁻¹), K (199.32 kg ha⁻¹), and S (12.36 kg ha⁻¹), along with reduced bulk density (1.31 Mg m⁻³)”
e1“vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment enhanced S to 12.36 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e1
- Outcome
- Se0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 12.36 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“This treatment also resulted in enhanced soil organic carbon (0.48%), available N (164.36 kg ha⁻¹), P (16.85 kg ha⁻¹), K (199.32 kg ha⁻¹), and S (12.36 kg ha⁻¹), along with reduced bulk density (1.31 Mg m⁻³)”
e1“vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment reduced bulk density to 1.31 Mg m⁻³.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)e1
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.31 Mg m⁻³e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“This treatment also resulted in enhanced soil organic carbon (0.48%), available N (164.36 kg ha⁻¹), P (16.85 kg ha⁻¹), K (199.32 kg ha⁻¹), and S (12.36 kg ha⁻¹), along with reduced bulk density (1.31 Mg m⁻³)”
e1“vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹) + sulphur (20 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 had the highest net return of ₹44,409 ha⁻¹.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“T8 recorded the highest net return (₹44,409 ha⁻¹) and benefit-cost ratio (2.12)”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 had the highest benefit-cost ratio of 2.12.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“T8 recorded the highest net return (₹44,409 ha⁻¹) and benefit-cost ratio (2.12)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrated vermicompost and sulphur to improve productivity, soil health and profitability.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Outcome
- integrated use of vermicompost and sulphur is a viable strategy for improving crop productivity, soil health, and farm profitabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“integrated use of vermicompost and sulphur is a viable strategy for improving crop productivity, soil health, and farm profitability”
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See all 44 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.