Abstract
Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of melatonin and plays a crucial role in melatonin production in plants. Melatonin (MT), a multifunctional indoleamine compound, plays a pivotal role in plant responses to abiotic stress. Substantial evidence has demonstrated that MT can significantly enhance plant tolerance to drought stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MT-mediated drought stress responses in plants remain unclear. This study systematically analyzed the evolutionary relationships of the TDC gene family in four cotton species using bioinformatics approaches, including phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal localization, gene structure, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, synteny, and expression patterns. Functional characterization of GhTDC5 in Gossypium hirsutum was performed using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), with the following key findings: gene silencing efficiency reached 67.5%, leading to a significant 50.31% reduction in melatonin content. Under drought stress, silenced plants exhibited a 46.56% decrease in leaf water content, 23.01% reduction in chlorophyll content, and more severe wilting symptoms compared to controls. Impaired antioxidant system: significant decreases in peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as proline (Pro) content, along with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS accumulation. Exogenous melatonin treatment effectively scavenged superoxide anions and alleviated drought stress. The results demonstrate that GhTDC5 plays a crucial role in cotton drought resistance by regulating melatonin biosynthesis. This study not only elucidates the evolutionary characteristics of the TDC gene family but also provides important theoretical foundations and candidate genes for drought-resistant cotton breeding.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS silencing of GhTDC5 reached 67.5% efficiency.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Outcome
- gene silencing efficiencye1
- Value
- 67.5%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Functional characterization of GhTDC5 in Gossypium hirsutum was performed using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), with the following key findings: gene silencing efficiency reached 67.5%, leading to a significant 50.31% reduction in melatonin content”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of GhTDC5 significantly reduced melatonin content by 50.31%.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)e1
- Gene
- GhTDC5e1
- Outcome
- melatonin contente1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 50.31%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Functional characterization of GhTDC5 in Gossypium hirsutum was performed using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), with the following key findings: gene silencing efficiency reached 67.5%, leading to a significant 50.31% reduction in melatonin content”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress, silenced cotton plants had a 46.56% decrease in leaf water content compared with controls.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- silenced plantse1
- Treatment
- Under drought stresse1
- Outcome
- leaf water contente1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 46.56%e1
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under drought stress, silenced plants exhibited a 46.56% decrease in leaf water content”
e2“compared to controls”
t0“in cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress, silenced cotton plants had a 23.01% reduction in chlorophyll content compared with controls.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- silenced plantse1
- Treatment
- Under drought stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 23.01%e3
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under drought stress, silenced plants exhibited a 46.56% decrease in leaf water content”
e2“compared to controls”
e3“23.01% reduction in chlorophyll content”
t0“in cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress, silenced cotton plants showed more severe wilting than controls.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Under drought stresse1
- Outcome
- wilting symptomse2
- Direction
- more severee2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under drought stress, silenced plants exhibited a 46.56% decrease in leaf water content”
e2“more severe wilting symptoms compared to controls”
t0“in cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Silenced cotton plants showed significant decreases in POD and SOD activities and proline content.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as proline (Pro) contente1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“significant decreases in peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as proline (Pro) content”
t0“in cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Silenced cotton plants showed increased malondialdehyde and ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“along with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS accumulation”
t0“in cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin effectively scavenged superoxide anions in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous melatonin treatmente1
- Outcome
- superoxide anionse1
- Direction
- scavengede1
- Qualifier
- effectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Exogenous melatonin treatment effectively scavenged superoxide anions and alleviated drought stress”
t0“in cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin alleviated drought stress in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous melatonin treatmente1
- Outcome
- drought stresse1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Exogenous melatonin treatment effectively scavenged superoxide anions and alleviated drought stress”
t0“in cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhTDC5 plays a role in cotton drought resistance by regulating melatonin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Gene
- GhTDC5e1
- Outcome
- drought resistancee1
- Qualifier
- by regulating melatonin biosynthesise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results demonstrate that GhTDC5 plays a crucial role in cotton drought resistance by regulating melatonin biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The TDC gene family evolutionary relationships were characterised across four cotton species.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Gene
- TDCe1
- Outcome
- evolutionary relationships of the TDC gene familye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“systematically analyzed the evolutionary relationships of the TDC gene family in four cotton species”
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