Abstract
ABSTRACT Abiotic and biotic stresses threaten crop yield. Grafting promotes the resistance of vegetables to environmental stresses. However, rootstocks with enhanced resistance to multiple stressors are scarce and potential mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot. Compared with the self‐root grafted cultivar ‘STG2’, rootstock grafting showed increased resistance to single and combined salt and P. capsici stress. Salt alone had a greater effect than P. capsici infection alone, and the adverse impact was worsened under combined stresses. Moreover, grafting‐enhanced resistance was related to maintaining K + /Na + homeostasis, increasing defensive enzyme activities and lignin biosynthesis and activating the expression of their associated genes. Importantly, grafting significantly increased SA content and the expression of SA signalling marker genes, including SlNPR1 and SlPR‐1 . Conversely, SA‐deficient mutant NahG rootstock grafting obviously attenuated the resistance by inhibiting the expression of ion transporters, defence enzymes, lignin synthesis and SA signalling marker genes. Together, our findings demonstrated, for the first time, that the excellent tomato rootstock QZ71 enhanced resistance to single and combined salt and P. capsici stress by activating the SA signalling pathway, highlighting the importance of rootstock selection in improving crop performance.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato rootstock QZ71 showed resistance to salt, saline-alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Material
- QZ71e2
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume2pathogen - Second interactor
- Phytophthora capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie2pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstock grafting increased resistance to single and combined salt and P. capsici stress compared with self-rooted cultivar STG2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- rootstock graftinge1
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to single and combined salt and P. capsici stresse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- self‐root grafted cultivar ‘STG2’e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with the self‐root grafted cultivar ‘STG2’, rootstock grafting showed increased resistance to single and combined salt and P. capsici stress”
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt alone had a greater effect than P. capsici infection alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- salt alonee3
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie3pathogen
- Outcome
- effecte3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- P. capsici infection alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e3“Salt alone had a greater effect than P. capsici infection alone, and the adverse impact was worsened under combined stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt and P. capsici stress worsened the adverse impact on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- combined stressese3
- Outcome
- adverse impacte3
- Direction
- worsenede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e3“Salt alone had a greater effect than P. capsici infection alone, and the adverse impact was worsened under combined stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting-enhanced resistance was related to maintaining K+/Na+ homeostasis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- resistancee4
- Qualifier
- maintaining K + /Na + homeostasise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e4“grafting‐enhanced resistance was related to maintaining K + /Na + homeostasis, increasing defensive enzyme activities and lignin biosynthesis and activating the expression of their associated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting-enhanced resistance was related to increased defensive enzyme activities and lignin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- resistancee4
- Qualifier
- increasing defensive enzyme activities and lignin biosynthesise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e4“grafting‐enhanced resistance was related to maintaining K + /Na + homeostasis, increasing defensive enzyme activities and lignin biosynthesis and activating the expression of their associated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting significantly increased SA content in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- graftinge5
- Outcome
- SA contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e5“Importantly, grafting significantly increased SA content and the expression of SA signalling marker genes, including SlNPR1 and SlPR‐1”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting significantly increased expression of SA signalling marker genes SlNPR1 and SlPR-1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- graftinge5
- Gene
- SlNPR1 and SlPR‐1e5
- Outcome
- expression of SA signalling marker genese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e5“Importantly, grafting significantly increased SA content and the expression of SA signalling marker genes, including SlNPR1 and SlPR‐1”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-deficient NahG rootstock grafting attenuated tomato resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Material
- NahGe6
- Treatment
- SA‐deficient mutant NahG rootstock graftinge6
- Outcome
- resistancee6
- Direction
- attenuatede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e6“Conversely, SA‐deficient mutant NahG rootstock grafting obviously attenuated the resistance by inhibiting the expression of ion transporters, defence enzymes, lignin synthesis and SA signalling marker genes”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-deficient NahG rootstock grafting inhibited expression of ion transporters and defence enzymes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Material
- NahGe6
- Treatment
- SA‐deficient mutant NahG rootstock graftinge6
- Outcome
- expression of ion transporters, defence enzymese6
- Direction
- inhibitinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e6“Conversely, SA‐deficient mutant NahG rootstock grafting obviously attenuated the resistance by inhibiting the expression of ion transporters, defence enzymes, lignin synthesis and SA signalling marker genes”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-deficient NahG rootstock grafting inhibited lignin synthesis and SA signalling marker gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Material
- NahGe6
- Treatment
- SA‐deficient mutant NahG rootstock graftinge6
- Outcome
- lignin synthesis and SA signalling marker genese6
- Direction
- inhibitinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we screened a tomato rootstock ‘QZ71’ with resistance to salt, saline‐alkali, drought stress, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici root rot”
e6“Conversely, SA‐deficient mutant NahG rootstock grafting obviously attenuated the resistance by inhibiting the expression of ion transporters, defence enzymes, lignin synthesis and SA signalling marker genes”
Claim · model-written summary
QZ71 rootstock enhanced resistance to single and combined salt and P. capsici stress by activating the SA signalling pathway.
Verbatim
e7“Together, our findings demonstrated, for the first time, that the excellent tomato rootstock QZ71 enhanced resistance to single and combined salt and P. capsici stress by activating the SA signalling pathway”
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