Abstract
Changes in atmospheric CO2 are known to influence plant physiology, subsequently affecting the nature of their interactions with their biotic environment. Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), one of the most widespread and damaging viruses of small grains, is transmitted by cereal aphids and has a broad range of cultivated and uncultivated hosts from the Poaceae family. Here, we examined the effects of elevated CO2 on plant physiology, Rhopalosiphum padi L. performance, and the accumulation of BYDV (strain BYDV-PAV) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). A growth chamber experiment was conducted under ambient (420 ppm) and elevated CO2 (700 ppm) with aphid-infested and uninfested plants. Elevated CO2 significantly increased total plant biomass in all species but did not affect aphid survival or reproduction. The root biomass of winter wheat and foxtail barley, but not green foxtail, increased under elevated CO2. However, no significant effect of aphids/BYDV was detected on total plant biomass. Transpiration rates varied with host plant and aphid presence but were not affected by CO2 level. Total water-soluble carbohydrate concentration was unaffected by CO2 or aphids. BYDV-PAV accumulation varied by host plant species, with winter wheat having the highest virus titer, followed by foxtail barley and green foxtail. Virus titers were increased under elevated CO2 in all host plant species. We demonstrated that uncultivated grasses are important reservoirs for both BYDV-PAV and the R. padi vector and suggested that elevated CO2 may enhance virus accumulation across the evaluated host plants. This underscores the need to consider the role of non-crop hosts in developing management plans and/or predicting BYDV dynamics in small grains.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total biomass in all three species.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- total plant biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO2 significantly increased total plant biomass in all species”
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Pathosystem”
e1“Here, we examined the effects of elevated CO2 on plant physiology, Rhopalosiphum padi L. performance, and the accumulation of BYDV (strain BYDV-PAV) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not affect aphid survival or reproduction.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2t0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid survival or reproductione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not affect aphid survival or reproduction”
t0“Elevated CO2 and the Barley Yellow Dwarf Pathosystem”
e1“Here, we examined the effects of elevated CO2 on plant physiology, Rhopalosiphum padi L. performance, and the accumulation of BYDV (strain BYDV-PAV) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Root biomass increased in winter wheat and foxtail barley under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root biomass of winter wheat and foxtail barley, but not green foxtail, increased under elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Green foxtail root biomass did not increase under elevated CO2.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The root biomass of winter wheat and foxtail barley, but not green foxtail, increased under elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids and BYDV had no significant effect on total biomass.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- aphids/BYDVe0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- total plant biomasse0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant effect of aphids/BYDV was detected on total plant biomass”
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Pathosystem”
e1“The root biomass of winter wheat and foxtail barley, but not green foxtail, increased under elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration varied with host and aphid presence.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- Transpiration ratese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration rates varied with host plant and aphid presence”
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Pathosystem”
e1“The root biomass of winter wheat and foxtail barley, but not green foxtail, increased under elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 did not affect transpiration.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CO2 levele0
- Outcome
- Transpiration ratese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration rates varied with host plant and aphid presence but were not affected by CO2 level”
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Pathosystem”
e1“The root biomass of winter wheat and foxtail barley, but not green foxtail, increased under elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble carbohydrates were unaffected by CO2 or aphids.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CO2 or aphidse0
- Outcome
- Total water-soluble carbohydrate concentratione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total water-soluble carbohydrate concentration was unaffected by CO2 or aphids”
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Pathosystem”
e1“The root biomass of winter wheat and foxtail barley, but not green foxtail, increased under elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV-PAV titer was highest in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- BYDV-PAVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- virus titere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BYDV-PAV accumulation varied by host plant species, with winter wheat having the highest virus titer, followed by foxtail barley and green foxtail”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased virus titers in all hosts.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- Virus titerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus titers were increased under elevated CO2 in all host plant species”
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Pathosystem”
e1“Here, we examined the effects of elevated CO2 on plant physiology, Rhopalosiphum padi L. performance, and the accumulation of BYDV (strain BYDV-PAV) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.).”
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