Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif (June–October), 2020 at the MARS, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India to study the influence of thiourea as foliar spray on soybean under the Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka under rainfed condition. The treatments were laid out in FRCBD with factorial concept with three replications. The treatments consisted of two factors, viz., soybean varieties and different thiourea levels with a single control. Sowing of different soybean varieties was not found significant on any of the parameters studied. Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control. Among the different interaction effect where thiourea has been sprayed at 750 ppm and 500 ppm on three different varieties at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS had recoded significantly higher productivity and economics returns of soybean.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean variety did not significantly differ on the studied parameters.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- different soybean varietiese0
- Outcome
- parameters studiede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sowing of different soybean varieties was not found significant on any of the parameters studied.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher plant height.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher number of branches plan-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- number of branches plan-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher leaf area index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher total dry matter production.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- total dry matter productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher crop growth rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher relative growth rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- relative growth ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher number of pods plant-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- number of pods plant-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher seed yield plot-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- seed yield plot-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher test weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher protein yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher nutrient uptakes (N, P and K).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakes (N, P and K)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4192 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher seed yield (2582 kg ha-1).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2582 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher gross return (` 94,551 ha-1).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- ` 94,551 ha-1e0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher net return (` 56,386 ha-1).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- ` 56,386 ha-1e0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiourea at 750 ppm gave significantly higher benefit cost ratio (2.48).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.48e0
- Comparator
- different thiourea levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 750 ppm thiourea treatment was on par with the 500 ppm treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- on pare0
- Comparator
- foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The thiourea treatment increased soybean seed yield 44% compared with control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DASe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different thiourea levels foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plan-1, leaf area index, total dry matter production, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, seed yield plot-1, test weight, protein content, protein yield, nutrient uptakes (N, P and K), haulm yield (4192 kg ha-1), seed yield (2582 kg ha-1), gross return (` 94,551 ha-1), net return (` 56,386 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) it was found on par with foliar application of thiourea at 500 ppm at 20–25 DAS and at 50–55 DAS and there was 44% increase in seed yield compared to control.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
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