Abstract
Ten fungal isolates belonging to Rhizoctonia solani (4 isolates), Fusarium semitectum, F. solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum (2 isolates), and Sclerotium rolfsii were recovered from infected cucumber roots collected from various localities during the fall (2020) and spring (2021) growing seasons. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all isolates were capable of infecting cucumber plants, causing root rot and wilt diseases. Rhizoctonia solani isolate No. 3 was identified as the most destructive, resulting in the highest disease severity. Similarly, F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum isolate No. 8 was the most virulent among the wilt pathogens. Significant variations were observed among the tested cucumber genotypes regarding their susceptibility to pre- and post-emergence damping-off. In vitro studies demonstrated that Trichoderma asperellum, T. harzianum, T. album, and T34 exhibited varying degrees of antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi. Additionally, different bacterial bioagents were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by Bacillus megaterium showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, whereas Bacillus subtilis exhibited moderate effects, and Paenibacillus polymyxa was the least effective. Furthermore, commercial biocides (Bio-Arc, Plant Guard, and Rizo-N) were evaluated during the fall (2022) and spring (2023) seasons under greenhouse conditions. Plant Guard was the most effective treatment at all tested concentrations in reducing disease severity caused by R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum. Moreover, Bio-Arc, followed by Rizo-N at the highest concentration, resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of root rot and wilt diseases.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani isolate No. 3 was the most destructive cucumber pathogen, giving the highest disease severity.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Material
- isolate No. 3e0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e0“Rhizoctonia solani isolate No. 3 was identified as the most destructive, resulting in the highest disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum isolate No. 8 was the most virulent wilt pathogen on cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- isolate No. 8e1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinume1pathogen - Outcome
- most virulente1
- Direction
- most virulente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e1“F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum isolate No. 8 was the most virulent among the wilt pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber genotypes differed significantly in susceptibility to pre- and post-emergence damping-off.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- cucumber genotypese2
- Outcome
- susceptibility to pre- and post-emergence damping-offe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e2“Significant variations were observed among the tested cucumber genotypes regarding their susceptibility to pre- and post-emergence damping-off”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma asperellum showed antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi in vitro.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperellum
Trichoderma asperellume3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- antagonistic activitye3
- Qualifier
- varying degreese3
- Setting
- In vitroe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e3“In vitro studies demonstrated that Trichoderma asperellum, T. harzianum, T. album, and T34 exhibited varying degrees of antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum showed antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi in vitro.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- antagonistic activitye3
- Qualifier
- varying degreese3
- Setting
- In vitroe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e3“In vitro studies demonstrated that Trichoderma asperellum, T. harzianum, T. album, and T34 exhibited varying degrees of antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma album showed antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi in vitro.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- T. albumTrichoderma albume3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic activitye3
- Qualifier
- varying degreese3
- Setting
- In vitroe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e3“In vitro studies demonstrated that Trichoderma asperellum, T. harzianum, T. album, and T34 exhibited varying degrees of antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma isolate T34 showed antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi in vitro.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- T34e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic activitye3
- Qualifier
- varying degreese3
- Setting
- In vitroe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e3“In vitro studies demonstrated that Trichoderma asperellum, T. harzianum, T. album, and T34 exhibited varying degrees of antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens had the highest efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth of R. solani in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescense4
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growthe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- different bacterial bioagentse4
- Setting
- laboratorye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e4“different bacterial bioagents were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by Bacillus megaterium showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens had the highest efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescense4
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinume4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- different bacterial bioagentse4
- Setting
- laboratorye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e4“different bacterial bioagents were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by Bacillus megaterium showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium ranked second in efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth of R. solani.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Bacillus megateriume4
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus megaterium
Priestia megateriume4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- efficacye4
- Direction
- followed bye4
- Comparator
- different bacterial bioagentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e4“different bacterial bioagents were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by Bacillus megaterium showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium ranked second in efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Bacillus megateriume4
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinume4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus megateriumPriestia megateriume4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficacye4
- Direction
- followed bye4
- Comparator
- different bacterial bioagentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e4“different bacterial bioagents were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by Bacillus megaterium showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis had moderate effects among the tested bacterial bioagents.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise5
- Outcome
- effectse5
- Direction
- moderatee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e5“whereas Bacillus subtilis exhibited moderate effects, and Paenibacillus polymyxa was the least effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Paenibacillus polymyxa was the least effective among the tested bacterial bioagents.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Paenibacillus polymyxae5
- Outcome
- effectivee5
- Direction
- least effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e5“whereas Bacillus subtilis exhibited moderate effects, and Paenibacillus polymyxa was the least effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant Guard was the most effective biocide at all tested concentrations in reducing disease severity caused by R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum on cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Plant Guarde6
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie6pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinume6pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye6
- Direction
- reducinge6
- Qualifier
- at all tested concentrationse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
e6“Plant Guard was the most effective treatment at all tested concentrations in reducing disease severity caused by R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-Arc significantly reduced the incidence of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Bio-Arce7
- Outcome
- incidence of root rot and wilt diseasese7
- Direction
- reductione7
- Setting
- under greenhouse conditionst1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
t1“under greenhouse conditions”
e7“Bio-Arc, followed by Rizo-N at the highest concentration, resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of root rot and wilt diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Rizo-N at the highest concentration significantly reduced the incidence of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Rizo-N at the highest concentratione7
- Outcome
- incidence of root rot and wilt diseasese7
- Direction
- reductione7
- Setting
- under greenhouse conditionst1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biological control of root rot and wilt diseases of cucumber”
t1“under greenhouse conditions”
e7“Bio-Arc, followed by Rizo-N at the highest concentration, resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of root rot and wilt diseases”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · Rhizoctonia solani · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.