Abstract
This study explored the mitigating effect of silicon (Si) on drought- and waterlogging-induced stresses in common buckwheat. Twenty-day-old plants were subjected to 15 days of drought or waterlogging followed by a 15-day recovery. Silicon was applied twice via foliar spray. Both stresses significantly reduced plant growth: height, fresh weight, and dry weight decreased by 54–62% under drought and 46–74% under waterlogging. Silicon supplementation significantly mitigated these reductions. During recovery, Si-treated plants exhibited further improvements: with height increasing by 5–7%, fresh weight by 18–34%, and dry weight by 30–33% under drought and waterlogging, respectively. Stress also impaired physiological status. Relative water content (RWC) decreased by 33% (drought) and 37% (waterlogging), while electrolyte leakage (EL) increased by 44% and 39%, respectively. Silicon maintained higher RWC (by 23–25%) and reduced EL (by 23–36%), indicating improved cellular integrity. Gas exchange parameters declined sharply with photosynthetic rate (P n ) decreasing by 84–98%, stomatal conductance (g s ) by 66–75%, and transpiration rate (T r ) by 65–86% under both stresses but improved with Si application during recovery (P n by 4–65%, g s by 60–65%, T r by 96–245%). Fluorescence transients revealed higher PSII disruption under waterlogging (evidenced by positive K-band) than drought. Silicon application suppressed K-band formation and restored PSII efficiency. Overall, Si alleviated drought- and waterlogging-induced stress, accelerated recovery, and enhanced photosynthetic performance in buckwheat. These findings indicate that Si supplementation could serve as a valuable approach for strengthening plant resilience in environments prone to extreme moisture fluctuations. • Silicon improves plants gas exchange, water balance, and photosynthetic efficiency. • Silicon protects photosystem II function and enhances chlorophyll fluorescence. • Silicon supplementation boosts drought and waterlogging stress tolerance in plants. • Silicon-treated plants show faster post-stress recovery and improved growth.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced buckwheat height, fresh weight, and dry weight by 54–62%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheat
Fagopyrum esculentume1 - Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- height, fresh weight, and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 54–62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both stresses significantly reduced plant growth: height, fresh weight, and dry weight decreased by 54–62% under drought and 46–74% under waterlogging.”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced buckwheat height, fresh weight, and dry weight by 46–74%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- height, fresh weight, and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 46–74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both stresses significantly reduced plant growth: height, fresh weight, and dry weight decreased by 54–62% under drought and 46–74% under waterlogging.”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon significantly mitigated drought and waterlogging reductions in buckwheat growth.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Silicon supplementatione0
- Outcome
- these reductionse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon supplementation significantly mitigated these reductions.”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
During recovery with silicon, buckwheat height increased by 5–7%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Si-treatede0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 5–7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During recovery, Si-treated plants exhibited further improvements: with height increasing by 5–7%, fresh weight by 18–34%, and dry weight by 30–33% under drought and waterlogging, respectively.”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
During recovery with silicon, buckwheat fresh weight increased by 18–34%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Si-treatede0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 18–34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During recovery, Si-treated plants exhibited further improvements: with height increasing by 5–7%, fresh weight by 18–34%, and dry weight by 30–33% under drought and waterlogging, respectively.”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
During recovery with silicon, buckwheat dry weight increased by 30–33%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Si-treatede0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 30–33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During recovery, Si-treated plants exhibited further improvements: with height increasing by 5–7%, fresh weight by 18–34%, and dry weight by 30–33% under drought and waterlogging, respectively.”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced buckwheat relative water content by 33%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- Relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative water content (RWC) decreased by 33% (drought) and 37% (waterlogging)”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced buckwheat relative water content by 37%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- Relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative water content (RWC) decreased by 33% (drought) and 37% (waterlogging)”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased buckwheat electrolyte leakage by 44%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- droughte2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“electrolyte leakage (EL) increased by 44% and 39%, respectively.”
e1“common buckwheat”
e2“33% (drought) and 37% (waterlogging)”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging increased buckwheat electrolyte leakage by 39%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- waterlogginge2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“electrolyte leakage (EL) increased by 44% and 39%, respectively.”
e1“common buckwheat”
e2“37% (waterlogging)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon maintained 23–25% higher relative water content in stressed buckwheat.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Silicone0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 23–25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon maintained higher RWC (by 23–25%) and reduced EL (by 23–36%)”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced electrolyte leakage by 23–36% in stressed buckwheat.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Silicone0
- Outcome
- ELe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23–36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon maintained higher RWC (by 23–25%) and reduced EL (by 23–36%)”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought and waterlogging, buckwheat photosynthetic rate declined by 84–98%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- both stressese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate (P n )e0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 84–98%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas exchange parameters declined sharply with photosynthetic rate (P n ) decreasing by 84–98%, stomatal conductance (g s ) by 66–75%, and transpiration rate (T r ) by 65–86% under both stresses”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought and waterlogging, buckwheat stomatal conductance declined by 66–75%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- both stressese0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance (g s )e0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 66–75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas exchange parameters declined sharply with photosynthetic rate (P n ) decreasing by 84–98%, stomatal conductance (g s ) by 66–75%, and transpiration rate (T r ) by 65–86% under both stresses”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought and waterlogging, buckwheat transpiration rate declined by 65–86%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- both stressese0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate (T r )e0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 65–86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas exchange parameters declined sharply with photosynthetic rate (P n ) decreasing by 84–98%, stomatal conductance (g s ) by 66–75%, and transpiration rate (T r ) by 65–86% under both stresses”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
During recovery, silicon improved buckwheat photosynthetic rate by 4–65%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- P ne0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4–65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved with Si application during recovery (P n by 4–65%, g s by 60–65%, T r by 96–245%)”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
During recovery, silicon improved buckwheat stomatal conductance by 60–65%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- g se0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 60–65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved with Si application during recovery (P n by 4–65%, g s by 60–65%, T r by 96–245%)”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
During recovery, silicon improved buckwheat transpiration rate by 96–245%.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- T re0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 96–245%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved with Si application during recovery (P n by 4–65%, g s by 60–65%, T r by 96–245%)”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging disrupted buckwheat PSII more than drought, as indicated by a positive K-band.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- PSII disruptione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- droughte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluorescence transients revealed higher PSII disruption under waterlogging (evidenced by positive K-band) than drought.”
e1“common buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon suppressed K-band formation and restored buckwheat PSII efficiency.
- Taxon
- common buckwheatFagopyrum esculentume1
- Treatment
- Silicon applicatione0
- Outcome
- K-band formation and restored PSII efficiencye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon application suppressed K-band formation and restored PSII efficiency.”
e1“common buckwheat”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · physiology: oxidative · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →silicon atom · physiology: water · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
silicon atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →silicon atom · growth · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →drought · physiology: water · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →drought · growth · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →flooding · growth · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
drought · physiology: oxidative · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.