Abstract
The investigation aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and regular and nano chitosan in reducing the severity of tomato seedling infection caused by Fusarium oxysporium, as well as evaluating some growth parameters and chemical properties. The results of the study showed that all treatments achieved a significant increase in germination rates and protection of tomato seeds and seedlings from infection by the disease before and after emergence, as well as reducing the severity of infection compared to the treatment with the pathogenic fungus. The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment. The effect was also positively reflected on the fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root system. The used factors proved their efficiency in inducing systemic resistance in tomato plants by increasing the activity of the peroxidase enzyme and phenols in the plant leaves
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Extracted rosemary oil in the presence of the pathogen reduced Fusarium-caused severity of tomato seedling infection to 9.38%, compared with 70.34% in the pathogen treatment.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- extracted rosemary oile0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporiume1pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9.38%e0
- Comparator
- pathogen treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment”
e1“reducing the severity of tomato seedling infection caused by Fusarium oxysporium”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced Fusarium-caused severity of tomato seedling infection to 6.75%, compared with 70.34% in the pathogen treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- nano and regular chitosane0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporiume1pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.75%e0
- Qualifier
- respectivelye0
- Comparator
- pathogen treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment”
e1“reducing the severity of tomato seedling infection caused by Fusarium oxysporium”
Claim · model-written summary
Regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced Fusarium-caused severity of tomato seedling infection to 23.56%, compared with 70.34% in the pathogen treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- regular chitosane0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporiume1pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23.56%e0
- Qualifier
- respectivelye0
- Comparator
- pathogen treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment”
e1“reducing the severity of tomato seedling infection caused by Fusarium oxysporium”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly increased germination rates of tomato seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosane0
- Outcome
- germination ratese2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment”
e2“all treatments achieved a significant increase in germination rates and protection of tomato seeds and seedlings from infection by the disease before and after emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly protected tomato seeds and seedlings from infection before and after emergence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosane0
- Outcome
- protection of tomato seeds and seedlings from infectione2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment”
e2“all treatments achieved a significant increase in germination rates and protection of tomato seeds and seedlings from infection by the disease before and after emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments positively affected the fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root system of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- shoot and root systeme3
- Treatment
- rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosane0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte3
- Direction
- positivelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reducing the severity of tomato seedling infection caused by Fusarium oxysporium”
e0“The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment”
e3“The effect was also positively reflected on the fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root system”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments increased the activity of the peroxidase enzyme and phenols in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume4
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese4
- Treatment
- rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosane0
- Gene
- peroxidase enzymee4
- Outcome
- activity of the peroxidase enzyme and phenolse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment”
e4“The used factors proved their efficiency in inducing systemic resistance in tomato plants by increasing the activity of the peroxidase enzyme and phenols in the plant leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments induced systemic resistance in tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosane0
- Outcome
- systemic resistancee4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of extracted rosemary oil and nano and regular chitosan in the presence of the pathogen reduced the severity of infection to 9.38%, 6.75%, and 23.56%, respectively, compared to 70.34% in the pathogen treatment”
e4“The used factors proved their efficiency in inducing systemic resistance in tomato plants by increasing the activity of the peroxidase enzyme and phenols in the plant leaves”
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See all 30 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.