Abstract
Moringa oleifera (MO) is traditionally used to mitigate inflammatory-mediated disorders; however, the influence of ecotypic variation on its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood. In this study, we compared the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from fresh and dried leaves of four MO ecotypes (India, Paraguay, Mozambique, and Pakistan), all grown under the same outdoor conditions, as well as two commercial powders (Just Moringa and WISSA), using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Extracts from fresh leaves were 19–43% more cytotoxic than those from dried leaves, depending on the ecotype, likely due to higher cyanogenic glycoside content. Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypes, characterized by high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acids, as well as Just Moringa, enriched in kaempferol derivatives, significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production (p < 0.05). Just Moringa and Paraguay extracts also reduced iNOS gene expression (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas only the Paraguay extract decreased iNOS protein levels (p < 0.05). In contrast, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin showed significant effects only at concentrations approximately 100-fold higher than those present in the extracts, indicating that the phytocomplex displays greater bioactivity than individual compounds. Overall, these results demonstrate that ecotypic variation strongly affects the polyphenolic composition and anti-inflammatory properties of MO leaves, highlighting the importance of reporting both origin and phytochemical composition in MO-based products.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanolic extracts from fresh Moringa oleifera leaves were 19-43% more cytotoxic than extracts from dried leaves, depending on the ecotype.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleiferat0 - Treatment
- fresh leavese1
- Outcome
- cytotoxice1
- Direction
- more cytotoxice1
- Value
- 19–43%e1
- Qualifier
- depending on the ecotypee1
- Comparator
- dried leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Moringa oleifera”
e1“Extracts from fresh leaves were 19–43% more cytotoxic than those from dried leaves, depending on the ecotype”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher cytotoxicity of fresh-leaf extracts was attributed, as likely, to higher cyanogenic glycoside content.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Compound
- cyanogenic glycosidee1
- Outcome
- cytotoxice1
- Qualifier
- likelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Moringa oleifera”
e1“Extracts from fresh leaves were 19–43% more cytotoxic than those from dried leaves, depending on the ecotype, likely due to higher cyanogenic glycoside content”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts of the India and Paraguay Moringa ecotypes were characterised by high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acids.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Material
- India and Paraguay ecotypese1
- Outcome
- high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acidse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Moringa oleifera”
e1“Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypes, characterized by high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypes (and the Just Moringa powder) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Material
- India and Paraguay ecotypese1
- Treatment
- Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypese1
- Outcome
- LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) productione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- p < 0.05e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Moringa oleifera”
e1“Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypes, characterized by high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acids, as well as Just Moringa, enriched in kaempferol derivatives, significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Just Moringa and Paraguay extracts reduced iNOS gene expression (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively).
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Just Moringa and Paraguay extractse1
- Gene
- iNOSe1
- Outcome
- iNOS gene expressione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Moringa oleifera”
e1“Just Moringa and Paraguay extracts also reduced iNOS gene expression (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the Paraguay extract decreased iNOS protein levels (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Paraguay extracte1
- Gene
- iNOSe1
- Outcome
- iNOS protein levelse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- p < 0.05e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Moringa oleifera”
e1“only the Paraguay extract decreased iNOS protein levels (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin showed significant effects only at concentrations approximately 100-fold higher than those present in the extracts.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Treatment
- quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutine1
- Outcome
- significant effectse1
- Value
- 100-fold highere1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Moringa oleifera”
e1“quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin showed significant effects only at concentrations approximately 100-fold higher than those present in the extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that ecotypic variation strongly affects the polyphenolic composition and anti-inflammatory properties of MO leaves.
- Taxon
- MOe1
- Treatment
- ecotypic variatione1
- Outcome
- polyphenolic composition and anti-inflammatory propertiese1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“these results demonstrate that ecotypic variation strongly affects the polyphenolic composition and anti-inflammatory properties of MO leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend reporting both the origin and the phytochemical composition in MO-based products.
Verbatim
e1“highlighting the importance of reporting both origin and phytochemical composition in MO-based products”
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.