Abstract
The effect of drought on the chickpea variety ILC 3279 was investigated at the vegetative stage. After 20 days from sowing, the plants subjected to drought stress for 3, 5 and 7 days imposed by withholding water were permitted to recover by rewatering for 2 days after 3, 5 and 7 days of drought. Shoot elongation, leaf production, fresh and dry biomass reduced while MDA and proline accumulation increased with extended duration of stress. The plants stressed for 3 days exhibited a rapid drop in their relative and absolute water contents. The quantum efficiency of PSII open centres in the dark-adapted and light-saturated state, excitation energy trapping of PSII and electron transport rate decreased significantly from the 5th day to the end of the drought treatments. Plants drought-stressed for 7 days brought about a marked increase in non-photochemical energy dissipation and a marked decline in photochemical quenching. After rewatering all chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics except for FM completely recovered and reached the control values. Under 5 and 7 days of drought, the anthocyanin content increased gradually while the total chlorophyll content of leaves declined compared to the controls. The total carotenoid content remained unchanged during the experiments. The antioxidant enzyme response to drought treatments was quite variable. The total SOD activity upregulated with increasing duration of stress. On the other hand, the total APX activity was significantly higher only on the 7th day while the total POD activity increased from the 5th day. Differences in the total GR activity of treated groups were not statistically significant compared to their controls throughout the treatments. The present results indicate that the chickpea variety ILC 3279 withstands severe drought with its upregulated protective mechanisms at the vegetative stage.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Longer drought reduced chickpea shoot elongation, leaf production, and fresh and dry biomass.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- extended duration of stresse0
- Outcome
- Shoot elongation, leaf production, fresh and dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot elongation, leaf production, fresh and dry biomass reduced while MDA and proline accumulation increased with extended duration of stress”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer drought increased MDA and proline accumulation in chickpea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- extended duration of stresse0
- Outcome
- MDA and proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA and proline accumulation increased with extended duration of stress”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Three days of drought rapidly reduced chickpea relative and absolute water content.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- stressed for 3 dayse0
- Outcome
- relative and absolute water contentse0
- Direction
- rapid drope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants stressed for 3 days exhibited a rapid drop in their relative and absolute water contents”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
From day five of drought, chickpea PSII quantum efficiency, energy trapping, and electron transport rate decreased significantly.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- drought treatmentse0
- Outcome
- quantum efficiency of PSII open centres in the dark-adapted and light-saturated state, excitation energy trapping of PSII and electron transport ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- from the 5th day to the ende0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The quantum efficiency of PSII open centres in the dark-adapted and light-saturated state, excitation energy trapping of PSII and electron transport rate decreased significantly from the 5th day to the end of the drought treatments”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven days of drought markedly increased chickpea non-photochemical energy dissipation.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- drought-stressed for 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- non-photochemical energy dissipatione0
- Direction
- marked increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants drought-stressed for 7 days brought about a marked increase in non-photochemical energy dissipation”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven days of drought markedly reduced chickpea photochemical quenching.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- drought-stressed for 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- marked declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants drought-stressed for 7 days brought about a marked increase in non-photochemical energy dissipation and a marked decline in photochemical quenching”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
After rewatering, all chickpea chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics except FM recovered to control values.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- rewateringe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics except for FMe0
- Direction
- completely recoverede0
- Comparator
- control valuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After rewatering all chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics except for FM completely recovered and reached the control values”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Five and seven days of drought gradually increased chickpea anthocyanin content relative to controls.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 5 and 7 days of droughte0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- increased graduallye0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under 5 and 7 days of drought, the anthocyanin content increased gradually while the total chlorophyll content of leaves declined compared to the controls”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Five and seven days of drought reduced total leaf chlorophyll in chickpea relative to controls.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 5 and 7 days of droughte0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll content of leavese0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under 5 and 7 days of drought, the anthocyanin content increased gradually while the total chlorophyll content of leaves declined compared to the controls”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Total carotenoid content in chickpea remained unchanged.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- total carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total carotenoid content remained unchanged during the experiments”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea antioxidant enzyme responses to drought varied.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme responsee0
- Direction
- quite variablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzyme response to drought treatments was quite variable”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea total SOD activity increased with stress duration.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- increasing duration of stresse0
- Outcome
- total SOD activitye0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total SOD activity upregulated with increasing duration of stress”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea total APX activity was significantly higher only on day seven of drought.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 7th daye0
- Outcome
- total APX activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total APX activity was significantly higher only on the 7th day”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea total POD activity increased from day five of drought.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 5th daye0
- Outcome
- total POD activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total POD activity increased from the 5th day”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea total GR activity did not differ significantly between treated and control groups.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- treated groupse0
- Outcome
- total GR activitye0
- Comparator
- their controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in the total GR activity of treated groups were not statistically significant compared to their controls throughout the treatments”
t0“Chickpea Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the results as showing severe drought tolerance in chickpea variety ILC 3279 through protective mechanisms.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- ILC 3279e0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee0
- Outcome
- withstands severe droughte0
- Qualifier
- upregulated protective mechanismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chickpea variety ILC 3279 withstands severe drought with its upregulated protective mechanisms at the vegetative stage”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.