Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during 2023–2025 at “Agroviva” LLC (Zhytomyr region, Ukraine) to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilization intensity and foliar micronutrient application on the productivity and grain quality of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano) grown on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. Spring barley productivity showed a strong dependence on soil nutrient supply. Mineral fertilization at rates of N46Р24К24 and N69Р36К36 increased yields by 53.1% and 74.4%, respectively, compared with the unfertilized control (2.77 t ha⁻¹). Foliar feeding with the chelated complex Nais Zernovi provided an additional 6–9% yield gain, resulting in a maximum yield of 5.26 t ha⁻¹ (+90% vs. control). Mineral fertilization explained 80% of yield variability, confirming its dominant role. Enhanced nutrient supply improved plant height (+2–4%), ear length (+24–32%), kernel number (+14–15%), and 1000-grain weight (+11.7%), indicating better nutrient assimilation and assimilate redistribution. Grain quality also improved under balanced nutrition: protein content increased by 3–4%, and grain nature (density) by about 4% (+24 g L⁻¹), with foliar micronutrients contributing an additional +5–7 g L⁻¹. The combined application of macro- and micronutrients (N69Р36К36 + Nais Zernovi) proved the most effective strategy for maximizing yield stability and grain quality of spring barley under light-textured soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Spring barley productivity strongly depended on soil nutrient supply.
- Taxon
- Spring barley
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Hordeum vulgaree2 - Outcome
- productivitye2
- Qualifier
- strong dependence on soil nutrient supplye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Spring barley productivity showed a strong dependence on soil nutrient supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization at N46Р24К24 increased spring barley yield by 53.1% compared with the unfertilized control.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- Belkanoe1
- Treatment
- Mineral fertilization at rates of N46Р24К24e3
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 53.1%e3
- Qualifier
- 2.77 t ha⁻¹e3
- Comparator
- unfertilized controle3
- Setting
- Zhytomyr region, Ukrainee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted during 2023–2025 at “Agroviva” LLC (Zhytomyr region, Ukraine)”
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e3“Mineral fertilization at rates of N46Р24К24 and N69Р36К36 increased yields by 53.1% and 74.4%, respectively, compared with the unfertilized control (2.77 t ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization at N69Р36К36 increased spring barley yield by 74.4% compared with the unfertilized control.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- Belkanoe1
- Treatment
- N69Р36К36e3
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 74.4%e3
- Qualifier
- 2.77 t ha⁻¹e3
- Comparator
- unfertilized controle3
- Setting
- Zhytomyr region, Ukrainee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted during 2023–2025 at “Agroviva” LLC (Zhytomyr region, Ukraine)”
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e3“Mineral fertilization at rates of N46Р24К24 and N69Р36К36 increased yields by 53.1% and 74.4%, respectively, compared with the unfertilized control (2.77 t ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar feeding with the chelated complex Nais Zernovi gave an additional 6–9% yield gain in spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Foliar feeding with the chelated complex Nais Zernovie4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- gaine4
- Value
- 6–9%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e4“Foliar feeding with the chelated complex Nais Zernovi provided an additional 6–9% yield gain, resulting in a maximum yield of 5.26 t ha⁻¹ (+90% vs. control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar feeding with Nais Zernovi gave a maximum spring barley yield of 5.26 t ha⁻¹, 90% above the control.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Foliar feeding with the chelated complex Nais Zernovie4
- Outcome
- maximum yielde4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 5.26 t ha⁻¹e4
- Qualifier
- +90% vs. controle4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e4“Foliar feeding with the chelated complex Nais Zernovi provided an additional 6–9% yield gain, resulting in a maximum yield of 5.26 t ha⁻¹ (+90% vs. control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization explained 80% of spring barley yield variability.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Mineral fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- yield variabilitye5
- Value
- 80%e5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e5“Mineral fertilization explained 80% of yield variability, confirming its dominant role”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced nutrient supply improved spring barley plant height by 2–4%.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Enhanced nutrient supplye6
- Outcome
- plant heighte6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- +2–4%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e6“Enhanced nutrient supply improved plant height (+2–4%), ear length (+24–32%), kernel number (+14–15%), and 1000-grain weight (+11.7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced nutrient supply improved spring barley ear length by 24–32%.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Enhanced nutrient supplye6
- Outcome
- ear lengthe6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- +24–32%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e6“Enhanced nutrient supply improved plant height (+2–4%), ear length (+24–32%), kernel number (+14–15%), and 1000-grain weight (+11.7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced nutrient supply improved spring barley kernel number by 14–15%.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Enhanced nutrient supplye6
- Outcome
- kernel numbere6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- +14–15%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e6“Enhanced nutrient supply improved plant height (+2–4%), ear length (+24–32%), kernel number (+14–15%), and 1000-grain weight (+11.7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced nutrient supply improved spring barley 1000-grain weight by 11.7%.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Enhanced nutrient supplye6
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- +11.7%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e6“Enhanced nutrient supply improved plant height (+2–4%), ear length (+24–32%), kernel number (+14–15%), and 1000-grain weight (+11.7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced nutrition increased spring barley grain protein content by 3–4%.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- balanced nutritione7
- Outcome
- protein contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 3–4%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e7“Grain quality also improved under balanced nutrition: protein content increased by 3–4%, and grain nature (density) by about 4% (+24 g L⁻¹), with foliar micronutrients contributing an additional +5–7 g L⁻¹”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced nutrition increased spring barley grain density by about 4% (+24 g L⁻¹).
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- balanced nutritione7
- Outcome
- grain nature (density)e7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
- Value
- 4% (+24 g L⁻¹)e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e7“Grain quality also improved under balanced nutrition: protein content increased by 3–4%, and grain nature (density) by about 4% (+24 g L⁻¹), with foliar micronutrients contributing an additional +5–7 g L⁻¹”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar micronutrients added a further +5–7 g L⁻¹ to spring barley grain density.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- foliar micronutrientse7
- Outcome
- grain nature (density)e7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
- Value
- +5–7 g L⁻¹e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano)”
e7“Grain quality also improved under balanced nutrition: protein content increased by 3–4%, and grain nature (density) by about 4% (+24 g L⁻¹), with foliar micronutrients contributing an additional +5–7 g L⁻¹”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined application of macro- and micronutrients (N69Р36К36 + Nais Zernovi) was the most effective strategy for spring barley yield stability and grain quality under light-textured soils.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- combined application of macro- and micronutrients (N69Р36К36 + Nais Zernovi)e2
- Outcome
- yield stability and grain qualitye2
- Direction
- most effectivee2
- Setting
- light-textured soilse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The combined application of macro- and micronutrients (N69Р36К36 + Nais Zernovi) proved the most effective strategy for maximizing yield stability and grain quality of spring barley under light-textured soils”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.