Abstract
Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease. Due to the limitations of conventional methods, sustainable biocontrol strategies are required. Bacillus velezensis is considered a promising biocontrol agent; however, the strain-specific nature of its antifungal and plant-growth-promoting mechanisms demands further investigation. We demonstrated the efficacy of B. velezensis BV25 against tomato Fusarium wilt. In vitro assays showed that FOL growth was significantly inhibited by both BV25 and its crude extracts; further, the inhibitory effect of the extracts was dose-dependent. In greenhouse trials, application of B. velezensis BV25 fermentation broth not only significantly suppressed the severity of Fusarium wilt but also promoted plant growth, even in the absence of the pathogen. The suppression of Fusarium wilt by B. velezensis BV25 treatment was correlated with the priming of plant defenses, as evidenced by the elevated activities of defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL). The complete genome sequencing of B. velezensis BV25, coupled with ANI analysis, determined its species designation. Our focus then turned to its functional genetic repertoire. We identified a diverse complement of Secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for known antimicrobials such as fengycin and surfactin, a suite of genes encoding fungal cell wall-degrading Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes), and multiple genes implicated in plant growth promotion including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, siderophore production, and nutrient uptake. Our findings provide an extensive understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of B. velezensis BV25, which include direct antagonism, induction of systemic resistance, and direct plant growth promotion. The integration of phenotypic evidence with genomic data positions B. velezensis BV25 as a robust candidate for developing sustainable biocontrol inoculants to manage tomato Fusarium wilt.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus velezensis BV25 and its crude extracts significantly inhibited Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- BV25 and its crude extractse1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie0pathogen - Second interactor
- BV25e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- FOL growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Setting
- In vitro assayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e1“In vitro assays showed that FOL growth was significantly inhibited by both BV25 and its crude extracts; further, the inhibitory effect of the extracts was dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effect of the crude extracts of BV25 on the pathogen was dose-dependent.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- crude extractse1
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e1“In vitro assays showed that FOL growth was significantly inhibited by both BV25 and its crude extracts; further, the inhibitory effect of the extracts was dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of B. velezensis BV25 fermentation broth significantly suppressed the severity of Fusarium wilt in tomato in greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- application of B. velezensis BV25 fermentation brothe2
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. velezensis BV25
Bacillus velezensise2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- severity of Fusarium wilte2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Setting
- In greenhouse trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e2“In greenhouse trials, application of B. velezensis BV25 fermentation broth not only significantly suppressed the severity of Fusarium wilt but also promoted plant growth, even in the absence of the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of B. velezensis BV25 fermentation broth promoted tomato plant growth even in the absence of the pathogen.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- application of B. velezensis BV25 fermentation brothe2
- Outcome
- plant growthe2
- Direction
- promotede2
- Qualifier
- even in the absence of the pathogene2
- Setting
- In greenhouse trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e2“In greenhouse trials, application of B. velezensis BV25 fermentation broth not only significantly suppressed the severity of Fusarium wilt but also promoted plant growth, even in the absence of the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of Fusarium wilt by BV25 treatment was correlated with elevated activities of defence enzymes in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- B. velezensis BV25 treatmente3
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. velezensis BV25Bacillus velezensise3biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PALe3
- Outcome
- activities of defense enzymese3
- Direction
- elevatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e3“The suppression of Fusarium wilt by B. velezensis BV25 treatment was correlated with the priming of plant defenses, as evidenced by the elevated activities of defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genome sequencing and ANI analysis determined the species designation of B. velezensis BV25.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis BV25Bacillus velezensise4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- species designatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e4“The complete genome sequencing of B. velezensis BV25, coupled with ANI analysis, determined its species designation”
Claim · model-written summary
The BV25 genome contains biosynthetic gene clusters for known antimicrobials such as fengycin and surfactin.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Compound
- fengycin and surfactine5
- Outcome
- Secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e5“We identified a diverse complement of Secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for known antimicrobials such as fengycin and surfactin, a suite of genes encoding fungal cell wall-degrading Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes), and multiple genes implicated in plant growth promotion including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, siderophore production, and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The BV25 genome contains a suite of genes encoding fungal cell wall-degrading Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- genes encoding fungal cell wall-degrading Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e5“We identified a diverse complement of Secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for known antimicrobials such as fengycin and surfactin, a suite of genes encoding fungal cell wall-degrading Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes), and multiple genes implicated in plant growth promotion including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, siderophore production, and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The BV25 genome contains multiple genes implicated in plant growth promotion, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, siderophore production and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Compound
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e5
- Outcome
- multiple genes implicated in plant growth promotione5
- Qualifier
- including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, siderophore production, and nutrient uptakee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e5“We identified a diverse complement of Secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for known antimicrobials such as fengycin and surfactin, a suite of genes encoding fungal cell wall-degrading Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes), and multiple genes implicated in plant growth promotion including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, siderophore production, and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
BV25 biocontrol mechanisms include direct antagonism, induction of systemic resistance and direct plant growth promotion.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- biocontrol mechanismse6
- Qualifier
- direct antagonism, induction of systemic resistance, and direct plant growth promotione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e6“Our findings provide an extensive understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of B. velezensis BV25, which include direct antagonism, induction of systemic resistance, and direct plant growth promotion”
Claim · model-written summary
B. velezensis BV25 is a robust candidate for developing sustainable biocontrol inoculants against tomato Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- developing sustainable biocontrol inoculantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soil-borne disease”
e7“The integration of phenotypic evidence with genomic data positions B. velezensis BV25 as a robust candidate for developing sustainable biocontrol inoculants to manage tomato Fusarium wilt”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus velezensis · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Bacillus velezensis · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
12 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →botanical · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →processing · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.