Abstract
Water deficit is a major constraint for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production, reducing canopy development, tuber filling, and quality-related carbohydrate accumulation. Foliar nutrition and amino-acid-based biostimulants may partially offset drought-induced limitations in root nutrient uptake and plant metabolic activity. This greenhouse pot experiment evaluated whether a phenology-based, sequential foliar nutrition program and amino acid supplementation can alleviate the effects of progressive reductions in plant-available water (PAW) on potato growth, yield, and tuber carbohydrate composition. Certified seed tubers of cv. Agria were grown in clay loam soil under a completely randomized design with three replications. Pots were maintained at four PAW regimes (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%), with three foliar regimes within each PAW level: (i) non-sprayed control, (ii) sequential foliar fertilization, and (iii) sequential foliar fertilization plus amino acids. Foliar applications were conducted four times from early vegetative growth to tuber bulking, using stage-specific water-soluble NPK formulations supplemented with micronutrients; the amino acid product was applied concomitantly in the combined treatment. Decreasing PAW reduced stem number, stem diameter, plant length, total leaf number, tuber yield, and tuber carbohydrate concentrations. Across irrigation regimes, sequential foliar fertilization improved vegetative growth and increased tuber yield relative to the control, and amino acids provided a further benefit. Yield responses exceeded changes in tuber number, indicating effects mainly on tuber growth rather than tuber set. Foliar treatments—particularly with amino acids—also increased tuber glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch within each PAW level, suggesting improved carbon assimilation and/or sink activity under water limitation. Overall, a stage-targeted foliar NPK program integrated with amino acids is a practical strategy to reduce yield penalties and sustain tuber carbohydrate accumulation under deficit irrigation. Field validation across cultivars and mechanistic measurements are warranted to refine dose–timing recommendations.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing plant-available water reduced potato stem number, stem diameter, plant length and total leaf number.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume1 - Treatment
- Decreasing PAWe0
- Outcome
- stem number, stem diameter, plant lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing PAW reduced stem number, stem diameter, plant length, total leaf number, tuber yield, and tuber carbohydrate concentrations.”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing plant-available water reduced total leaf number.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Decreasing PAWe0
- Outcome
- total leaf numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing PAW reduced stem number, stem diameter, plant length, total leaf number, tuber yield, and tuber carbohydrate concentrations.”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing plant-available water reduced tuber yield.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Decreasing PAWe0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing PAW reduced stem number, stem diameter, plant length, total leaf number, tuber yield, and tuber carbohydrate concentrations.”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing plant-available water reduced tuber carbohydrate concentrations.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Decreasing PAWe0
- Outcome
- tuber carbohydrate concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing PAW reduced stem number, stem diameter, plant length, total leaf number, tuber yield, and tuber carbohydrate concentrations.”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential foliar fertilization improved vegetative growth relative to the control across irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- sequential foliar fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across irrigation regimes, sequential foliar fertilization improved vegetative growth and increased tuber yield relative to the control”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential foliar fertilization increased tuber yield relative to the control across irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- sequential foliar fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across irrigation regimes, sequential foliar fertilization improved vegetative growth and increased tuber yield relative to the control”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding amino acids to foliar fertilization gave a further benefit.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- sequential foliar fertilization plus amino acidse1
- Outcome
- further benefite0
- Direction
- further benefite0
- Comparator
- sequential foliar fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and amino acids provided a further benefit.”
e1“sequential foliar fertilization plus amino acids”
e2“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield responses exceeded changes in tuber number.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Outcome
- Yield responsese0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- changes in tuber numbere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield responses exceeded changes in tuber number”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield response suggested an effect mainly on tuber growth rather than tuber set.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Organ / stage
- tuber growthe0
- Outcome
- Yield responsese1
- Qualifier
- rather than tuber sete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating effects mainly on tuber growth rather than tuber set.”
e1“Yield responses exceeded changes in tuber number”
e2“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments, especially those with amino acids, increased tuber glucose, fructose and sucrose within each PAW level.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Foliar treatments—particularly with amino acidse0
- Outcome
- tuber glucose, fructose, sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- within each PAW levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar treatments—particularly with amino acids—also increased tuber glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch within each PAW level”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments, especially those with amino acids, increased tuber starch within each PAW level.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Foliar treatments—particularly with amino acidse0
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- within each PAW levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar treatments—particularly with amino acids—also increased tuber glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch within each PAW level”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher tuber carbohydrates suggested improved carbon assimilation or sink activity under water limitation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- tuber glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starche1
- Qualifier
- improved carbon assimilation and/or sink activity under water limitatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting improved carbon assimilation and/or sink activity under water limitation.”
e1“increased tuber glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch”
e2“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended a stage-targeted foliar NPK program with amino acids to reduce yield penalties under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- stage-targeted foliar NPK program integrated with amino acidse0
- Outcome
- reduce yield penaltiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a stage-targeted foliar NPK program integrated with amino acids is a practical strategy to reduce yield penalties and sustain tuber carbohydrate accumulation under deficit irrigation.”
e1“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
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