Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a globally important vegetable, prized for its nutritional value and antioxidant content. Given the increasing demand for foods with health-promoting properties and the need for sustainable production practices, this study evaluated the impact of different growth substrates combined with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation on the yield and nutraceutical quality of greenhouse tomatoes grown in a semi-hydroponic system. ‘Nereida’ variety saladette tomato plants were either inoculated with a single PGPR consortium (1 × 108 CFU mL−1) or uninoculated. Three substrates were used: a chemical fertilization control and a sand-vermicompost mixture with two inherent levels of phosphorus (253 and 442 ppm). The chemically fertilized substrate without inoculation served as the control treatment. The results indicated that the chemically fertilized substrate presented a significantly higher yield per square meter (p < 0.05), reaching values of 5.20 ± 0.70 kg m−2 and 4.83 ± 0.35 kg m−2 in the control treatment. However, fruits grown in the vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculation exhibited significantly greater antioxidant capacity (54.16 µmol TE g−1 FW) and higher concentrations of vitamin C (14.03 mg·100 g−1 FW), lycopene (47.68 mg·100 g−1 FW), flavonoids, carotenoids, and glutathione. This represented an increase of 28–45% in bioactive compounds including lycopene, vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids, and glutathione compared to the chemical control. While the interaction between substrate and inoculation was significant only for soluble solids, both factors independently and additively contributed to the enhancement of nutraceutical parameters. These findings suggest that the use of vermicompost-based substrates, particularly those with higher phosphorus content, in combination with PGPR inoculation, is a promising strategy to enhance the accumulation of health-promoting bioactive compounds in tomato fruits, despite a trade-off in total yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The chemically fertilized substrate gave a significantly higher yield per square meter than the vermicompost substrates, reaching 5.20 ± 0.70 and 4.83 ± 0.35 kg m−2.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- chemically fertilized substratee0
- Outcome
- yield per square metere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.20 ± 0.70 kg m−2 and 4.83 ± 0.35 kg m−2e0
- Comparator
- sand-vermicompost mixturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“The results indicated that the chemically fertilized substrate presented a significantly higher yield per square meter (p < 0.05), reaching values of 5.20 ± 0.70 kg m−2 and 4.83 ± 0.35 kg m−2 in the control treatment”
e1“a sand-vermicompost mixture with two inherent levels of phosphorus (253 and 442 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruits from the high-phosphorus (442 ppm) vermicompost substrate with PGPR had significantly greater antioxidant capacity (54.16 µmol TE g−1 FW) than the chemical control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 54.16 µmol TE g−1 FWe0
- Comparator
- chemical controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“fruits grown in the vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculation exhibited significantly greater antioxidant capacity (54.16 µmol TE g−1 FW)”
e1“compared to the chemical control”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruits from the high-phosphorus vermicompost substrate with PGPR had higher vitamin C (14.03 mg·100 g−1 FW) than the chemical control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.03 mg·100 g−1 FWe0
- Comparator
- chemical controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“fruits grown in the vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculation exhibited significantly greater antioxidant capacity (54.16 µmol TE g−1 FW) and higher concentrations of vitamin C (14.03 mg·100 g−1 FW)”
e1“compared to the chemical control”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruits from the high-phosphorus vermicompost substrate with PGPR had higher lycopene (47.68 mg·100 g−1 FW) than the chemical control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- lycopenee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 47.68 mg·100 g−1 FWe0
- Comparator
- chemical controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“fruits grown in the vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculation exhibited significantly greater antioxidant capacity (54.16 µmol TE g−1 FW) and higher concentrations of vitamin C (14.03 mg·100 g−1 FW), lycopene (47.68 mg·100 g−1 FW)”
e1“compared to the chemical control”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruits from the high-phosphorus vermicompost substrate with PGPR had higher flavonoids, carotenoids and glutathione than the chemical control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- flavonoids, carotenoids, and glutathionee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- chemical controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“fruits grown in the vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculation exhibited significantly greater antioxidant capacity (54.16 µmol TE g−1 FW) and higher concentrations of vitamin C (14.03 mg·100 g−1 FW), lycopene (47.68 mg·100 g−1 FW), flavonoids, carotenoids, and glutathione”
e1“compared to the chemical control”
Claim · model-written summary
This treatment increased bioactive compounds (lycopene, vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids, glutathione) by 28–45% relative to the chemical control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculatione1
- Interactor
- PGPRe1symbiont
- Outcome
- bioactive compoundse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 28–45%e0
- Comparator
- chemical controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“This represented an increase of 28–45% in bioactive compounds including lycopene, vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids, and glutathione compared to the chemical control”
e1“vermicompost-based substrate with higher phosphorus content (442 ppm) and PGPR inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between substrate and inoculation was significant only for soluble solids.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- substrate and inoculatione0
- Outcome
- soluble solidse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“While the interaction between substrate and inoculation was significant only for soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate and inoculation both independently and additively contributed to enhancing the nutraceutical parameters.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- both factorse0
- Outcome
- nutraceutical parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“both factors independently and additively contributed to the enhancement of nutraceutical parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost-based substrates, especially with higher phosphorus, combined with PGPR inoculation are a promising strategy to enhance bioactive compounds in tomato fruits despite a yield trade-off.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- accumulation of health-promoting bioactive compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of vermicompost-based substrates, particularly those with higher phosphorus content, in combination with PGPR inoculation, is a promising strategy to enhance the accumulation of health-promoting bioactive compounds in tomato fruits”
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See all 141 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.