Abstract
Inadvertent use of nitrogenous (N) fertilisers has resulted in low N use efficiency and cotton productivity in high yielding Bt cotton hybrids. Apparently, soil application of prilled urea is associated with substantial N losses posing serious threats to the ecosystem and environment. Consequently, foliar spray of N fertilisers is being practiced in rainfed cotton. However, literature on foliar efficacy of nano urea (12 %) in cotton remains limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted with 13 treatment combinations with urea and nano urea as foliar spray one-time at 35 days after sowing (DAS) and two-times at 35 and 55 DAS along with three recommended doses of nitrogen (100 %, 75 %, 50 % recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)) and compared with foliar spray of urea once at 100 % RDN. The study results revealed few significant (p < 0.05) differences with foliar spray of urea formulations in growth and yield attributes over other treatments. Notably, nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN significantly increased seed cotton (SC g plant-1) and seed cotton yield (SCY kg ha-1) by 9 % and 6 % respectively, compared to urea spray + 100 % RDN. Similarly, nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN has significantly increased N concentration and uptake by 7 %, 12 % respectively compared to urea one time spray + 100 % RDN. In contrast, seed index and fiber quality were not significantly influenced by foliar spray of urea formulations. Economic calculations postulated that nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN recorded the highest benefit to cost (BC), marginal cost benefit ratio (MCBR), with an additional net return of ₹4093 compared to other treatments. Overall, the study highlights the potential of urea formulations as foliar spray at 35 and 55 DAS with 100 % RDN in improving rainfed cotton production under black calcareous soil.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Two nano urea sprays with full recommended nitrogen increased seed cotton per plant by 9% versus one urea spray.
Verbatim
t0“Bt cotton”
e0“nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN significantly increased seed cotton (SC g plant-1) and seed cotton yield (SCY kg ha-1) by 9 % and 6 % respectively, compared to urea spray + 100 % RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
Two nano urea sprays with full recommended nitrogen increased seed cotton yield by 6% versus one urea spray.
Verbatim
t0“Bt cotton”
e0“nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN significantly increased seed cotton (SC g plant-1) and seed cotton yield (SCY kg ha-1) by 9 % and 6 % respectively, compared to urea spray + 100 % RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
Two nano urea sprays increased nitrogen concentration by 7% versus one urea spray.
Verbatim
t0“Bt cotton”
e1“nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN has significantly increased N concentration and uptake by 7 %, 12 % respectively compared to urea one time spray + 100 % RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
Two nano urea sprays increased nitrogen uptake by 12% versus one urea spray.
Verbatim
t0“Bt cotton”
e1“nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN has significantly increased N concentration and uptake by 7 %, 12 % respectively compared to urea one time spray + 100 % RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea formulations did not significantly influence seed index or fiber quality.
- Taxon
- Bt cottont0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of urea formulationse2
- Outcome
- seed index and fiber qualitye2
- Direction
- not significantly influencede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bt cotton”
e2“seed index and fiber quality were not significantly influenced by foliar spray of urea formulations”
Claim · model-written summary
Two nano urea sprays with full nitrogen gave the highest benefit to cost and marginal cost benefit ratios.
Verbatim
t0“Bt cotton”
e3“nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN recorded the highest benefit to cost (BC), marginal cost benefit ratio (MCBR), with an additional net return of ₹4093 compared to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Two nano urea sprays with full nitrogen yielded ₹4093 additional net return over other treatments.
Verbatim
t0“Bt cotton”
e3“nano urea two times spray + 100 % RDN recorded the highest benefit to cost (BC), marginal cost benefit ratio (MCBR), with an additional net return of ₹4093 compared to other treatments”
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