Abstract
• This is the first report of higher-ploidy Kentucky bluegrass germplasm. • Chromosome doubling of octoploid (8X) Kentucky bluegrass produced hexadecaploid (16X) plants. • 16X plants exhibited improved drought tolerance compared to the 8X plants. • This study guides research on 14-3-3 protein–mediated signaling in turfgrass. Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) is a widely utilized cool-season turfgrass species in landscape architecture and ecological restoration projects. Nevertheless, the majority of commercially available cultivars currently exhibit insufficient drought tolerance, necessitating frequent irrigation during hot and arid seasons to sustain optimal turf performance and aesthetic quality. Here, we established a reliable chromosome doubling protocol for octaploid (8X) Kentucky bluegrass seeds, successfully generating hexadecaploid (16X) progeny. Drought stress experiments were conducted to evaluate the stress resistance of the polyploid lines, and the results demonstrated that 16X plants displayed significantly enhanced drought tolerance relative to their 8X counterparts. After drought stress, the 16X plants exhibited significantly higher relative water content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar content, and free proline content than the 8X plants, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) were significantly lower than those of the 8X plants.To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the improved drought tolerance in 16X Kentucky bluegrass, transcriptome sequencing was performed. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in three key metabolic and signaling pathways, namely plant–pathogen interaction, carbon metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, we performed in vitro protein pull-down assays to explore the pathways regulated by a 14-3-3 protein of interest that may be associated with drought stress. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first systematic report on the artificial induction of polyploidy in Kentucky bluegrass via chromosome doubling. This innovative breeding strategy not only provides a promising approach to broaden the application of Kentucky bluegrass in arid and semi-arid regions but also holds significant potential for reducing irrigation-related costs in municipal landscape management practices.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosome doubling of octaploid Kentucky bluegrass seeds produced hexadecaploid (16X) progeny.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrass
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensist0 - Treatment
- chromosome doubling protocole1
- Outcome
- hexadecaploid (16X) progenye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Creation of a novel, higher-ploidy, drought-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasm”
e1“Here, we established a reliable chromosome doubling protocol for octaploid (8X) Kentucky bluegrass seeds, successfully generating hexadecaploid (16X) progeny”
Claim · model-written summary
16X plants showed significantly enhanced drought tolerance relative to 8X plants under drought stress.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- 16X plantse2
- Treatment
- drought stresse3
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Comparator
- 8X counterpartse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Creation of a novel, higher-ploidy, drought-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasm”
e2“16X plants displayed significantly enhanced drought tolerance relative to their 8X counterparts”
e3“After drought stress, the 16X plants exhibited significantly higher relative water content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar content, and free proline content than the 8X plants, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) were significantly lower than those of the 8X plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After drought stress, 16X plants had significantly higher relative water content, chlorophyll content and SOD activity than 8X plants.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- 16X plantse3
- Treatment
- drought stresse3
- Outcome
- relative water content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- 8X plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Creation of a novel, higher-ploidy, drought-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasm”
e3“After drought stress, the 16X plants exhibited significantly higher relative water content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar content, and free proline content than the 8X plants, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) were significantly lower than those of the 8X plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After drought stress, 16X plants had significantly higher CAT activity, soluble sugar content and free proline content than 8X plants.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- 16X plantse3
- Treatment
- drought stresse3
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar content, and free proline contente3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- 8X plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Creation of a novel, higher-ploidy, drought-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasm”
e3“After drought stress, the 16X plants exhibited significantly higher relative water content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar content, and free proline content than the 8X plants, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) were significantly lower than those of the 8X plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After drought stress, 16X plants had significantly lower MDA content and electrolyte leakage than 8X plants.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- 16X plantse3
- Treatment
- drought stresse3
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL)e3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- 8X plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Creation of a novel, higher-ploidy, drought-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasm”
e3“After drought stress, the 16X plants exhibited significantly higher relative water content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar content, and free proline content than the 8X plants, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) were significantly lower than those of the 8X plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome analysis found differentially expressed genes significantly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, carbon metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e4
- Qualifier
- significantly enriched in three key metabolic and signaling pathways, namely plant–pathogen interaction, carbon metabolism, and plant hormone signal transductione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Creation of a novel, higher-ploidy, drought-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasm”
e4“differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in three key metabolic and signaling pathways, namely plant–pathogen interaction, carbon metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.