Abstract
Somatic embryos are regarded the primary plant material for producing artificial seeds, and these seeds provide for agricultural institutions genetically uniform seeds, unlike the traditional seeds that often produce plants with different traits from the parent plant; in addition to the possibility of storing it for a long time Arabidopsis thaliana, locally known as mouse ears, is a promising model because it is self-fertile, which makes it conserved, and can produce thousands of seeds, which makes it ideal for mutation experiments. It is diploid (10=2n), and the identification of selectable traits is more straightforward because it has a relatively small genome (125 Mpb). The genome organization in Arabidopsis thaliana is simple and particularly suitable for genetic and molecular biology experiments.. This study produced Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0) plants from the differentiation of callus tissues from its growing seedlings on MS medium (roots, stems, leaves). The B5 medium free of growth regulators successfully induced root callus, while the highest response for callus induction from stem segments was observed on B5 medium containing 0.05 mgL-1 kinetin (Kin) and 0.5 mgL -1 2-4, Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). The B5 medium containing 0.05 mgL-1 (Kin) kinetin and 1.0 mg/L-1 (2,4-D) 2,4-Dichlorophenxy acetic acid (2,4-D) also affected leaf callus induction. The results of the statistical program SPSS version 16 also showed a significant difference at a probability level of 1% in the percentage of calyx creation for the plant parts used .The MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 Thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1.0 mgL-1 6-Benzyl adenine (BA) was effective in producing embryonic phases from transferred root callus. Meanwhile, the embryonic phases from stem and leaf callus were produced on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 Thidiazuron (TDZ), resulting in a group of 290 shoots. A 2% sodium alginate concentration was used in experiments to encapsulate somatic embryos, yielding the best form of artificial seeds in spherical structures (Beads) and achieving a high conversion rate of 80% when stored for 20 days at 4°C, and 60% when stored for 20 days at 25°C. There are significant differences at the 5% level in the germination of seeds stored for 20 days at a temperature of 25°C. The number of plants resulting from the artificial seeds was 36 green shoots. The experiments were carried out over a period of six months in the Tissue Culture and Genetic Applications Laboratories at the College of Education for Pure Sciences/University of Mosul.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The B5 medium free of growth regulators successfully induced root callus in Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- B5 medium free of growth regulatorse1
- Outcome
- root calluse1
- Direction
- successfully inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e1“The B5 medium free of growth regulators successfully induced root callus”
Claim · model-written summary
The B5 medium containing 0.05 mgL-1 kinetin gave the highest callus induction response from stem segments.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- stem segmentse2
- Treatment
- B5 medium containing 0.05 mgL-1 kinetin (Kin)e2
- Outcome
- callus inductione2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e2“the highest response for callus induction from stem segments was observed on B5 medium containing 0.05 mgL-1 kinetin (Kin)”
Claim · model-written summary
B5 medium with 0.05 mgL-1 kinetin and 1.0 mg/L-1 2,4-D also affected leaf callus induction.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- B5 medium containing 0.05 mgL-1 (Kin) kinetine3
- Outcome
- leaf callus inductione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e3“The B5 medium containing 0.05 mgL-1 (Kin) kinetin and 1.0 mg/L-1 (2,4-D) 2,4-Dichlorophenxy acetic acid (2,4-D) also affected leaf callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage of calyx creation differed significantly among the plant parts used, at the 1% probability level.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- plant parts usede4
- Outcome
- percentage of calyx creatione4
- Qualifier
- probability level of 1%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e4“showed a significant difference at a probability level of 1% in the percentage of calyx creation for the plant parts used”
Claim · model-written summary
MS medium with 0.5 mgL-1 TDZ and 1.0 mgL-1 BA was effective in producing embryonic phases from transferred root callus.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- root calluse5
- Treatment
- MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 Thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1.0 mgL-1 6-Benzyl adenine (BA)e5
- Outcome
- producing embryonic phasese5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e5“The MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 Thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1.0 mgL-1 6-Benzyl adenine (BA) was effective in producing embryonic phases from transferred root callus”
Claim · model-written summary
MS medium with 0.5 mgL-1 TDZ gave a group of 290 shoots from stem and leaf callus.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leaf calluse6
- Treatment
- MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 Thidiazuron (TDZ)e6
- Outcome
- shootse6
- Value
- 290 shootse6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e6“the embryonic phases from stem and leaf callus were produced on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 Thidiazuron (TDZ), resulting in a group of 290 shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2% sodium alginate concentration yielded the best form of artificial seeds, spherical beads, for encapsulated somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- 2% sodium alginatee7
- Outcome
- form of artificial seedse7
- Qualifier
- spherical structures (Beads)e7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e7“A 2% sodium alginate concentration was used in experiments to encapsulate somatic embryos, yielding the best form of artificial seeds in spherical structures (Beads)”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial seeds stored for 20 days at 4°C gave an 80% conversion rate.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- stored for 20 days at 4°Ce0
- Outcome
- conversion ratee0
- Value
- 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e0“achieving a high conversion rate of 80% when stored for 20 days at 4°C, and 60% when stored for 20 days at 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial seeds stored for 20 days at 25°C gave a 60% conversion rate.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- stored for 20 days at 25°Ce0
- Outcome
- conversion ratee0
- Value
- 60%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e0“achieving a high conversion rate of 80% when stored for 20 days at 4°C, and 60% when stored for 20 days at 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of seeds stored for 20 days at 25°C differed significantly at the 5% level.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- stored for 20 days at a temperature of 25°Ce0
- Outcome
- germination of seedse0
- Qualifier
- 5% levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e0“There are significant differences at the 5% level in the germination of seeds stored for 20 days at a temperature of 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial seeds produced 36 green shoots that developed into plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- artificial seedse0
- Outcome
- number of plantse0
- Value
- 36 green shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana Nossen (NO-0)”
e0“The number of plants resulting from the artificial seeds was 36 green shoots”
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