Abstract
The increasing population, challenging climatic and environmental conditions are significantly affecting crop productivity and agriculture. Radish, a nutritious root vegetable, is documented to be considerably affected by abiotic stresses, including heavy metal stress. Heavy metal stress has been found to influence the growth, development, and productivity of radish worldwide. As nanotechnology has increasingly affected various fields, including agriculture, nanomaterials are being explored as a sustainable solution to enhance crop productivity and mitigate stress. Given this, the present study investigates the potential of biologically synthesized MgO-NPs for regulating lead stress in radish. Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress. The lead stress was observed to significantly reduce the shoot and root length of radish by 24–56% and 13–69% in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, a considerable drop of 36% in the total chlorophyll content reduced the carbohydrate and protein levels by 7 and 21%, respectively. A likewise reduction in the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant parameters evidently decreased the free radical scavenging potential of lead-stressed radish by 5% and enhanced the oxidative stress by 43%. During the study, the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs, which considerably rescued the morphological and biochemical traits of lead-stressed radish. MgO-NPs mediated 43 and 91% enhancement in the shoot–root length, evidently elevated the fresh biomass accumulation of lead-stressed radish by 73%. Further, NPs mediated reduction in the photosynthetic parameters and enhanced antioxidant parameters, elevated the antioxidant potential of lead-stressed radish by 3%, which significantly downregulated the H 2 O 2 and MDA levels by 13 and 8%, thus reducing oxidative stress. Hence, MgO-NPs triggered an overall coordinated physiological and biochemical response in lead-stressed radish, as marked by the enhanced morphological traits, increased antioxidant defence, and regulated photosynthetic accumulation, thereby alleviating the lead-induced toxicity in radish.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress reduced radish shoot length by 24–56%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lead stress was observed to significantly reduce the shoot and root length of radish by 24–56% and 13–69% in a concentration-dependent manner”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress reduced radish root length by 13–69%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lead stress was observed to significantly reduce the shoot and root length of radish by 24–56% and 13–69% in a concentration-dependent manner”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress reduced total chlorophyll content by 36%.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse1 - Treatment
- leade1
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- drope0
- Value
- 36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a considerable drop of 36% in the total chlorophyll content”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress reduced carbohydrate levels by 7%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the carbohydrate and protein levels by 7 and 21%, respectively”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress reduced protein levels by 21%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the carbohydrate and protein levels by 7 and 21%, respectively”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress reduced free radical scavenging potential by 5%.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- leade1
- Outcome
- free radical scavenging potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the free radical scavenging potential of lead-stressed radish by 5%”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased oxidative stress by 43%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the oxidative stress by 43%”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
MgO nanoparticle priming increased shoot length by 43% in lead-stressed radish.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MgO-NPs mediated 43 and 91% enhancement in the shoot–root length”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
MgO nanoparticle priming increased root length by 91% in lead-stressed radish.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MgO-NPs mediated 43 and 91% enhancement in the shoot–root length”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
MgO nanoparticles increased fresh biomass by 73% under lead stress.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- MgO-NPse2
- Outcome
- fresh biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evidently elevated the fresh biomass accumulation of lead-stressed radish by 73%”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles reduced photosynthetic parameters under lead stress.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- MgO-NPse2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic parameterse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPs mediated reduction in the photosynthetic parameters”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles enhanced antioxidant parameters under lead stress.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- MgO-NPse2
- Outcome
- antioxidant parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced antioxidant parameters”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles increased antioxidant potential by 3% under lead stress.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- MgO-NPse2
- Outcome
- antioxidant potentiale0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated the antioxidant potential of lead-stressed radish by 3%”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles reduced hydrogen peroxide by 13%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly downregulated the H 2 O 2 and MDA levels by 13 and 8%”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles reduced MDA levels by 8%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly downregulated the H 2 O 2 and MDA levels by 13 and 8%”
e1“Radish seeds were exposed to 0.075 mM (L1), 0.15 mM (L2), and 0.3 mM (L3) of lead nitrate to induce lead stress.”
e2“the radish seeds were nanoprimed with 150 µg/ml of MgO-NPs”
The same questions in other papers
lead atom · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →lead atom · physiology: oxidative · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →lead atom · molecular: expression · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
lead atom · physiology: pigments · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
nanoparticle · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →nanoparticle · molecular: metabolites · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
nanoparticle · quality: phytochemicals · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.