Abstract
Due to the increased anthropogenic load, crops are polluted with heavy metals, including nickel (Ni). This is a serious environmental problem, as Ni penetrates barrier-free into cereal crops and accumulates in the grains used by humans and animals for food. Wheat is one of the main staple crops, cultivated in many countries. This study suggested that plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) with varying enzymatic activities could help wheat plants to cope with Ni stress by reducing Ni toxicity and regulating the metal’s homeostasis. PGPB Bacillus megaterium AFI1 has a strong phosphate-solubilizing activity and produces siderophores, while Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2 has nitrogen-fixing and silicate-solubilizing activities. Both strains produce indole and polysaccharides and have 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. PGPB under Ni exposure (100 mg/kg of soil) significantly increased grain yield (by 34–42%) and decreased (by 20–33%) Ni content in wheat grains. PGPB also decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels in wheat plants under Ni stress. The contents of iron (Fe), boron (B), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) decreased significantly and potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) oppositely increased significantly in all plant organs under Ni exposure. The inoculation with AFI1 mainly increased P and Fe, and the inoculation with AFI2 increased N and silica (Si) in wheat grains under Ni stress. In our experiments, under nickel exposure PGPB Bacillus megaterium AFI1 and Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2 increased antioxidant protection of plants by decreasing the level of stress ethylene and regulating the homeostasis of nutrients in wheat plants. These PGPB can be considered as promising candidates for the development of biologicals to be used for growing plants in soils with low levels of nickel contamination.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB increased wheat grain yield by 34–42% under nickel exposure.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- PGPBe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34–42%e0
- Qualifier
- Ni exposure (100 mg/kg of soil)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB under Ni exposure (100 mg/kg of soil) significantly increased grain yield (by 34–42%)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB reduced nickel content in wheat grains by 20–33%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PGPBe1
- Outcome
- Ni content in wheat grainse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 20–33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased (by 20–33%) Ni content in wheat grains”
e1“PGPB under Ni exposure (100 mg/kg of soil) significantly increased grain yield (by 34–42%) and decreased (by 20–33%) Ni content in wheat grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels in wheat under nickel stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PGPBe0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB also decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels in wheat plants under Ni stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel exposure significantly decreased iron, boron, nitrogen and phosphorus in plant organs.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- all plant organse0
- Treatment
- Ni exposuree0
- Outcome
- contents of iron (Fe), boron (B), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of iron (Fe), boron (B), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) decreased significantly and potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) oppositely increased significantly in all plant organs under Ni exposure.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel exposure significantly increased potassium and zinc in all plant organs.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- all plant organse0
- Treatment
- Ni exposuree0
- Outcome
- potassium (K) and zinc (Zn)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) oppositely increased significantly in all plant organs under Ni exposure”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
AFI1 inoculation mainly increased phosphorus and iron in wheat grains under nickel stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- wheat grainse1
- Treatment
- inoculation with AFI1e0
- Interactor
- AFI1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- P and Fee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Ni stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation with AFI1 mainly increased P and Fe”
e1“The inoculation with AFI1 mainly increased P and Fe, and the inoculation with AFI2 increased N and silica (Si) in wheat grains under Ni stress.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
AFI2 inoculation increased nitrogen and silica in wheat grains under nickel stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- wheat grainse0
- Treatment
- inoculation with AFI2e0
- Interactor
- AFI2e0symbiont
- Outcome
- N and silica (Si)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inoculation with AFI2 increased N and silica (Si) in wheat grains under Ni stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The two PGPB strains increased antioxidant protection through lower stress ethylene and nutrient homeostasis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Bacillus megaterium AFI1
Priestia megateriume0symbiont - Second interactor
- Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2Paenibacillus nicotianaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- increased antioxidant protection of plantse0
- Qualifier
- decreasing the level of stress ethylene and regulating the homeostasis of nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB Bacillus megaterium AFI1 and Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2 increased antioxidant protection of plants by decreasing the level of stress ethylene and regulating the homeostasis of nutrients in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider the PGPB promising for cultivation in lightly nickel-contaminated soils.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- promising candidates for the development of biologicals to be used for growing plants in soils with low levels of nickel contaminatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These PGPB can be considered as promising candidates for the development of biologicals to be used for growing plants in soils with low levels of nickel contamination”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
nickel atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →heavy metal · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →inoculation · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
46 papers more in this group
See all 50 papers →inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
94 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
101 papers more in this group
See all 105 papers →inoculation · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
262 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
273 papers more in this group
See all 277 papers →inoculation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
548 papers in the same direction as this paper · 60 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
610 papers more in this group
See all 614 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.