Abstract
Abstract The agronomic efficiency of conventional silicon (Si) fertilizers is frequently limited by their low bioavailability in soil. Consequently, nano-silica (nano-Si) has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative due to its enhanced availability and potentially superior physiological effectiveness in plants. The present study aimed to synthesize nano-Si from rice husk (RH), and its effects on growth, oxidative stress responses, and nutrient status of durum wheat. Nano-Si was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM observations showed a hierarchical structure consisting of micro-scale porous frameworks formed by agglomerated nano-sized primary particles lower than 80 nm, while largely preserving the native siliceous architecture. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that the material was predominantly amorphous Si with characteristic Si-O-Si functional groups. A pot experiment was conducted in which nano-Si and sodium silicate were applied at rates of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg − 1 to wheat plants grown under drought conditions. Applied Si did not significantly influence total dry weight; however, grain yield responded strongly to nano-Si, with the highest yield recorded at 25 mg kg − 1 . This treatment also resulted in higher chlorophyll content and relative water content, along with lower H 2 O 2 accumulation and membrane permeability, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly ascorbate peroxidase. In contrast, sodium silicate produced weaker physiological responses and was associated with increased H 2 O 2 levels. Nano-Si application increased plant Si and P concentrations. Nano-Si outperformed Na-Si in improving grain yield, photosynthesis, water relations, and oxidative stress tolerance in wheat, indicating its potential as a sustainable Si fertilizer.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Applied silicon did not significantly affect wheat total dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Applied Sie0
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- did not significantly influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied Si did not significantly influence total dry weight”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Si at 25 mg kg − 1 gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Sie0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 25 mg kg − 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield responded strongly to nano-Si, with the highest yield recorded at 25 mg kg − 1”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25 mg kg − 1 nano-Si treatment raised chlorophyll content and relative water content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nano-silicat0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and relative water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also resulted in higher chlorophyll content and relative water content”
t0“Rice Husk-derived Biogenic Nano-silica: Effects on Wheat Growth and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms under Drought Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment lowered H 2 O 2 accumulation and membrane permeability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nano-silicat0
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 accumulation and membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower H 2 O 2 accumulation and membrane permeability”
t0“Rice Husk-derived Biogenic Nano-silica: Effects on Wheat Growth and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms under Drought Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The nano-silica treatment enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, especially ascorbate peroxidase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nano-silicat0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly ascorbate peroxidase”
t0“Rice Husk-derived Biogenic Nano-silica: Effects on Wheat Growth and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms under Drought Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium silicate produced weaker physiological responses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sodium silicatee0
- Outcome
- physiological responsese0
- Direction
- weakere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium silicate produced weaker physiological responses”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium silicate was associated with increased H 2 O 2 levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sodium silicatee0
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium silicate produced weaker physiological responses and was associated with increased H 2 O 2 levels”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Si increased wheat silicon concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nano-Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- Sie0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-Si application increased plant Si and P concentrations”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Si increased wheat phosphorus concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nano-Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- P concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-Si application increased plant Si and P concentrations”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Si outperformed Na-Si for grain yield, photosynthesis, water relations and oxidative stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Nano-Sie0
- Outcome
- grain yield, photosynthesis, water relations, and oxidative stress tolerancee0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- Na-Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-Si outperformed Na-Si in improving grain yield, photosynthesis, water relations, and oxidative stress tolerance in wheat”
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