Abstract
Drought is one of the major environmental stresses, resulting in serious yield reductions in wheat production. Silicon (Si) has been considered beneficial to enhancing wheat resistance to drought stress. However, few studies have explored the mediated effects of foliar supplementation of Si on drought stress imposed at different wheat growth stages. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Si supplementation on the physiological and biochemical responses of wheat to drought stress imposed at the jointing (D-jointing), anthesis (D-anthesis) and filling (D-filling) stages. Our results showed that a moderate water deficit markedly decreased the dry matter accumulation, leaf relative water content (LRWC), photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Sc), transpiration rate (Tr) and antioxidant activity [peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)]. On the contrary, it remarkably increased the content of osmolytes (proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein) and lipid peroxidation. The grain yields of D-jointing, D-anthesis and D-filling treatments were 9.59%, 13.9% and 18.9% lower, respectively, compared to the control treatment (CK). However, foliar supplementation of Si at the anthesis and filling stages significantly improved plant growth under drought stress due to the increased Si content. Consequently, the improvement in antioxidant activity and soluble sugar, and the reduction in the content of ROS, increased the LRWC, chlorophyll content, Pn, Sc and Tr, and ultimately boosted wheat yield by 5.71% and 8.9%, respectively, in comparison with the non-Si-treated plants subjected to water stress at the anthesis and filling stages. However, the mitigating effect of Si application was not significant at the jointing stage. It was concluded that foliar supplementation of Si, especially at the reproductive stage, was effective in alleviating drought-induced yield reduction.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water deficit decreased dry matter, leaf water content, gas exchange and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- moderate water deficite0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation, leaf relative water content (LRWC), photosynthetic rate (Pn)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“a moderate water deficit markedly decreased the dry matter accumulation, leaf relative water content (LRWC), photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Sc), transpiration rate (Tr) and antioxidant activity [peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)]”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased osmolyte content and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Drought Stresst0
- Outcome
- content of osmolytes (proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein) and lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“it remarkably increased the content of osmolytes (proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein) and lipid peroxidation”
t0“Winter Wheat to Drought Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Jointing-stage drought reduced grain yield by 9.59%.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- D-jointinge0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 9.59%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The grain yields of D-jointing, D-anthesis and D-filling treatments were 9.59%, 13.9% and 18.9% lower, respectively, compared to the control treatment (CK)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis-stage drought reduced grain yield by 13.9%.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- D-anthesise0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 13.9%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The grain yields of D-jointing, D-anthesis and D-filling treatments were 9.59%, 13.9% and 18.9% lower, respectively, compared to the control treatment (CK)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Filling-stage drought reduced grain yield by 18.9%.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- D-fillinge0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 18.9%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The grain yields of D-jointing, D-anthesis and D-filling treatments were 9.59%, 13.9% and 18.9% lower, respectively, compared to the control treatment (CK)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at anthesis improved wheat growth under drought.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- foliar supplementation of Si at the anthesise0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“foliar supplementation of Si at the anthesis and filling stages significantly improved plant growth under drought stress due to the increased Si content”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at filling improved wheat growth under drought.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- filling stagese0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“foliar supplementation of Si at the anthesis and filling stages significantly improved plant growth under drought stress due to the increased Si content”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon raised wheat yield 5.71% under anthesis-stage drought.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Sit0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 5.71%e0
- Qualifier
- anthesise0
- Comparator
- non-Si-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“boosted wheat yield by 5.71% and 8.9%, respectively, in comparison with the non-Si-treated plants subjected to water stress at the anthesis and filling stages”
t0“Silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon raised wheat yield 8.9% under filling-stage drought.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Sit0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 8.9%e0
- Qualifier
- filling stagese0
- Comparator
- non-Si-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“boosted wheat yield by 5.71% and 8.9%, respectively, in comparison with the non-Si-treated plants subjected to water stress at the anthesis and filling stages”
t0“Silicon”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon mitigation at jointing was not significant.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- jointing stagee0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- mitigating effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“the mitigating effect of Si application was not significant at the jointing stage”
t0“Wheat”
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