Abstract
Crop productivity and food safety are seriously threatened by heavy metal contamination, especially with nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). The purpose of this study was to assess how well zinc-boron (Zn-B) foliar application and irrigation with Arthrospira platensis extract (APE) reduced Ni and Pb stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). After being treated with 10% APE or Zn-B, wheat plants were exposed to 100 μM Ni or Pb. Gene expression, heavy metal accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthetic efficiency, and plant growth parameters were evaluated. Growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant defenses were all markedly hampered by both metals, but Ni's effects were more pronounced. These effects were successfully lessened by APE treatment, which restored shoot and root length, leaf area, and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) better than Zn-B. Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated. Furthermore, APE enhanced yield characteristics, such as spike length and grain weight, and dramatically decreased Ni and Pb accumulation by 57.4% and 50.9%, respectively. Potential in phycoremediation is suggested by increased bioconcentration and transfer factors for Zn and B under APE treatment. According to these results, APE is a viable, environmentally friendly method for improving plant resistance to heavy metal stress, increasing wheat yield, and lowering possible health hazards.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ni and Pb hampered wheat growth, pigments and antioxidant defenses, more strongly for Ni.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- both metalse0
- Outcome
- Growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant defensese0
- Direction
- hamperede0
- Qualifier
- Ni's effects were more pronouncede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant defenses were all markedly hampered by both metals, but Ni's effects were more pronounced”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
APE restored shoot and root length and leaf area better than Zn-B.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APE treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot and root length, leaf areae0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- Zn-Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APE treatment, which restored shoot and root length, leaf area, and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) better than Zn-B”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
APE restored photosynthetic efficiency better than Zn-B.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APE treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- Zn-Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APE treatment, which restored shoot and root length, leaf area, and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) better than Zn-B”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
APE increased SOD, CAT and APX antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APEe0
- Gene
- SOD, CAT, APXe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX)”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
APE upregulated corresponding antioxidant genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APEt1
- Outcome
- corresponding genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their corresponding genes were upregulated”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
APE enhanced spike length and grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APEe0
- Outcome
- spike length and grain weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APE enhanced yield characteristics, such as spike length and grain weight”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
APE decreased Ni accumulation by 57.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APEt1
- Outcome
- Ni and Pb accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 57.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dramatically decreased Ni and Pb accumulation by 57.4% and 50.9%, respectively”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
APE decreased Pb accumulation by 50.9%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APEt1
- Outcome
- Ni and Pb accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dramatically decreased Ni and Pb accumulation by 57.4% and 50.9%, respectively”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
APE increased Zn and B bioconcentration and transfer factors.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APE treatmente0
- Outcome
- bioconcentration and transfer factors for Zn and Be0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased bioconcentration and transfer factors for Zn and B under APE treatment”
t0“Mitigation of nickel and lead stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Arthrospira platensis and zinc–boron: effects on metal bioaccumulation, plant growth, antioxidants, and gene expression”
t1“Additionally, APE increased antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, APX), and their corresponding genes were upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend APE to improve wheat metal stress resistance and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- APE is a viable, environmentally friendly method for improving plant resistance to heavy metal stress, increasing wheat yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APE is a viable, environmentally friendly method for improving plant resistance to heavy metal stress, increasing wheat yield, and lowering possible health hazards”
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See all 41 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.