Abstract
Suspected allelopathic activity of swine-cress (Coronopus didymus L.) was evaluated based on germination and early seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a laboratory bioassay. Aqueous root, leaf and whole plant extracts of swine-cress were applied at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% (w/v). Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations. Variable phytotoxicity was exhibited by different extract sources and leaf extract caused the greatest inhibition. Nonetheless, the degree of inhibition increased in a concentration dependent manner for all extract sources. Compared to the control all treatments increased the time to 50% germination, and mean germination time, with corresponding decreases in germination index and final germination percentage of wheat. Higher (10%) concentration of root, leaf and whole plant extracts reduced final germination by 36, 59 and 39%, respectively. Leaf extract caused more inhibition of wheat shoot length, root length and dry biomass than other extracts. Wheat seedling dry biomass was inhibited 73% by leaf extract, 65% by whole plant extract and 12% by root extract at 10% concentration. All extracts reduced chlorophyll contents and increased phenolics in wheat seedlings. The results suggest that the inhibitory allelopathic activity of swine-cress against germination and seedling growth of wheat should be explored under field conditions. © 2013 Friends Science Publishers
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous swine-cress extracts significantly inhibited germination and seedling growth of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Aqueous root, leaf and whole plant extracts of swine-cresse1
- Interactor
- swine-cresse1weed
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations”
e1“Aqueous root, leaf and whole plant extracts of swine-cress were applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytotoxicity to wheat varied with the source of the swine-cress extract.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- different extract sourcese2
- Interactor
- swine-cresse1weed
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations”
e2“Variable phytotoxicity was exhibited by different extract sources”
e1“Aqueous root, leaf and whole plant extracts of swine-cress were applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract caused the greatest inhibition of wheat among the extract sources.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- leaf extracte3
- Outcome
- inhibitione3
- Direction
- greateste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations”
e3“leaf extract caused the greatest inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
The degree of wheat inhibition increased with extract concentration for all extract sources.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- concentratione4
- Outcome
- degree of inhibitione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- in a concentration dependent mannere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations”
e4“the degree of inhibition increased in a concentration dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
All extract treatments increased the time to 50% germination and the mean germination time of wheat compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse5
- Outcome
- time to 50% germination, and mean germination timee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations”
e5“Compared to the control all treatments increased the time to 50% germination, and mean germination time”
Claim · model-written summary
All extract treatments decreased the germination index and final germination percentage of wheat compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- all treatmentse6
- Outcome
- germination index and final germination percentagee7
- Direction
- decreasese7
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Compared to the control all treatments”
e7“with corresponding decreases in germination index and final germination percentage of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10% concentration, root extract reduced final germination of wheat by 36%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- Higher (10%) concentratione1
- Outcome
- final germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 36e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations”
e1“Higher (10%) concentration of root, leaf and whole plant extracts reduced final germination by 36, 59 and 39%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10% concentration, leaf extract reduced final germination of wheat by 59%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- Higher (10%) concentratione1
- Outcome
- final germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 59e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations”
e1“Higher (10%) concentration of root, leaf and whole plant extracts reduced final germination by 36, 59 and 39%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10% concentration, whole plant extract reduced final germination of wheat by 39%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- whole plante1
- Treatment
- Higher (10%) concentratione1
- Outcome
- final germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 39%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant inhibition of germination and seedling growth of wheat for all extract sources and concentrations”
e1“Higher (10%) concentration of root, leaf and whole plant extracts reduced final germination by 36, 59 and 39%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract inhibited wheat seedling dry biomass by 73% at 10% concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- seedling dry biomasse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedling dry biomass was inhibited 73% by leaf extract, 65% by whole plant extract and 12% by root extract at 10% concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole plant extract inhibited wheat seedling dry biomass by 65% at 10% concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- whole plant extracte0
- Outcome
- seedling dry biomasse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedling dry biomass was inhibited 73% by leaf extract, 65% by whole plant extract and 12% by root extract at 10% concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Root extract inhibited wheat seedling dry biomass by 12% at 10% concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- root extracte0
- Outcome
- seedling dry biomasse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- at 10% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedling dry biomass was inhibited 73% by leaf extract, 65% by whole plant extract and 12% by root extract at 10% concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract caused more inhibition of wheat shoot length, root length and dry biomass than the other extracts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- shoot length, root length and dry biomasse0
- Direction
- more inhibitione0
- Comparator
- other extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf extract caused more inhibition of wheat shoot length, root length and dry biomass than other extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
All extracts reduced chlorophyll contents of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- All extractse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All extracts reduced chlorophyll contents”
e1“in wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
All extracts increased phenolics in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- All extractse0
- Outcome
- phenolicse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All extracts reduced chlorophyll contents”
e1“increased phenolics in wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory allelopathic activity of swine-cress on wheat should be explored under field conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- should be explored under field conditionse0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggest that the inhibitory allelopathic activity of swine-cress against germination and seedling growth of wheat should be explored under field conditions”
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