Abstract
Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention in Northeast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of spring wheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilization consistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPK treatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP at seeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highest protein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizer treatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased glutenins content, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilization on kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties were not strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest bread volume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying 45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantly increased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased wheat yield, with the highest yield under N, P and NPK fertilizers.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization consistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK produced 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NPKe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NPK treatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK raised protein content by an average 2.7% over the stated fertilizer comparators.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NPKe0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.7%e0
- Comparator
- no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP at seeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NP at seeding plus N at anthesis raised protein content by an average 0.90%.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NP at seeding + N at anthesise0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 0.90%e0
- Comparator
- no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP at seeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK and NPK plus N achieved the highest protein yields.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NPK and NPK + N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protein yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest protein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The unfertilized treatment had the lowest protein yield because protein content and grain yield were low.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizer treatment due to both low protein content and grain yield”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased gliadins content.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- gliadins contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization increased gliadins content”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization decreased glutenins content.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- glutenins contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased glutenins content”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization raised gliadins/glutenins ratios.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization treatmentse0
- Outcome
- gliadins/glutenins ratiose0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization significantly increased kernel hardness percentage.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- hardness percentagee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increase of hardness percentage”
t0“Spring Wheat”
e1“The most obvious effect of fertilization on kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization did not strongly change dough rheological properties.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- dough rheological propertiese0
- Direction
- not strongly changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dough rheological properties were not strongly changed by fertilization”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization significantly increased dry and wet gluten.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- dry gluten and wet glutene0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased”
t0“Spring Wheat”
e1“Although the dough rheological properties were not strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK had the highest bread volume and bread score in both years.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmente0
- Outcome
- bread volume and bread scoree0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest bread volume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 3% urea application at anthesis significantly increased protein yield and improved quality.
- Taxon
- wheat cultivarTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of 3% urea at anthesise0
- Outcome
- protein yield and improved quality propertiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying 45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantly increased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulphate at seeding with basal urea and diammonium phosphate significantly increased protein yield and improved quality.
- Taxon
- wheat cultivarTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- applying 45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applicationse0
- Outcome
- protein yield and improved quality propertiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying 45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantly increased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar”
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