fertilization · Soil: physics · Oryza sativa (rice)

Effect of green manuring withsesbania aculeataon physical properties of soil and on growth of wheat in rice‐wheat and maize‐wheat cropping systems in a semiarid region of India · 1992

• positive
  Green manure application to wetland rice increased infiltration rate.
• positive
  Green manure application to wetland rice reduced soil bulk density.
• positive
  After rice, green manured plots had higher soil water content than unmanured plots.

  compared with unmanured plots

Efficacy of Vermicompost to Improve Soil Fertility and Rice Yield · 1999

• positive
  Vermicompost plus NPK lowered soil bulk density versus NPK alone.

  compared with N, P and K alone

Long-term effect of integrated nutrient management on yield sustainability and soil fertility of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system · 2001

• positive
  Substituting 50% N by green manure gave minimum soil bulk density.

Application of biogas manure to rice · 2003

• positive
  Biogas manure improved soil structure.

Long-term effect of application of different fertilizer on the crop production and soil fertility in rice fields · 2004

• positive
  Continuous pig manure application improved soil bulk density and soil porosity.

Effects of Sewage Irrigation on Rice Growth Condition in Paddy Soil · 2005

• positive
  Halving fertilization reduced NO3-N loss in infiltration water by 4%.

  compared with conventional fertilization level

Long-term studies on soil physico-chemical properties and productivity of rice-wheat system as influenced by integrated nutrient management in inceptisol of Chhattisgarh · 2006

• positive
  Replacing rice nitrogen with farmyard manure significantly lowered bulk density relative to initial status and control.

  compared with initial status and control plot

• positive
  Replacing rice nitrogen with green manure significantly lowered bulk density relative to initial status and control.

  compared with initial status and control plot

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Caryopsis Filling and Respiratory Rate of Rice · 2006

• positive
  Proper nitrogen fertilization maintained higher caryopsis water content in late filling.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on filling and respiratory rate of caryopsis in rice · 2006

• positive
  Proper nitrogen use maintained higher late filling caryopsis water content.

Benefit of Deep Fertilization in Rice · 2009

• positive
  Deep fertilization lowered nitrogen runoff loss by 25.1% compared with surface fertilization at 15 kg/667 m2 nitrogen.

  compared with surface fertilization

Management practices to improve the use efficiency of nutrients and water in a sandy soil under rice based cropping system · 2009

• positive
  FYM and coir pith enhanced soil structure and moisture retention.

Effect of micropore potassium-silicon-calcium(PSC) mineral fertilizeron rice growth and the characteristics of brown-humid soils · 2011

• positive
  PSC fertilizer reduced soil bulk density by 0.04 g·cm-3.

  compared with T2

• positive
  PSC fertilizer increased soil porosity by 1.8%.

  compared with T2

Effects of Different Compound Fertilizer on Growth Traits and Yield of Paddy Rice · 2012

• positive
  Meisheng P,K compound fertilizer improved the group structure of high-yielding paddy rice.

Can arbuscular mycorrhiza and fertilizer management reduce phosphorus runoff from paddy fields · 2015

• positive
  A 20% reduction in fertilization lowered seasonal phosphorus runoff by 8.9%.

Short-term Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties and Enzyme Activities in Rice Production · 2017

• positive
  Integrated FYM and pressmud fertilization improved water holding capacity in postharvest rice soil.
• positive
  Integrated FYM and pressmud fertilization improved bulk density in postharvest rice soil.

The effect of organic fertilizer based onAzollamicrophyllabiomass and plant spacing to n and p uptake, soil compaction and the yield of Pandanwangi rice · 2018

• positive
  Azolla organic fertilizer at all doses reduced soil compaction.

Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties, nitrogen use efficiency and upland rice (Oryza sativa) yield grown on an Alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria · 2019

• positive
  Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer reduced soil bulk density in the top 10 cm.
• positive
  Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil water holding capacity in the top 10 cm.

Impact of biochar and organic manures on soil physical properties and crop yield of rice · 2019

• positive
  The lowest soil bulk density of 1.33 Mg/m3 was obtained with 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost + 2 t/ha biochar.
• positive
  Organic manures with biochar decreased soil bulk density and crack volume relative to the control.

  compared with the control

• positive
  Organic manures with biochar increased soil infiltration rate relative to the control.

  compared with the control

• positive
  Infiltration rate was higher with 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost + 2 t/ha biochar than in the control.

  compared with control

Enrichment of vermicompost for improving soil quality and ensuring Zn and Fe bioavailability through rice grain · 2020

• positive
  Vermicompost improved soil water stable aggregates and water holding capacity.

Cultivation of green manuring crops for improving soil health and increasing yield of rice in Tinsukia district of Assam- A case study · 2020

• positive
  Dhaincha green manure reduced soil bulk density.

Long‐term biochar application promotes rice productivity by regulating root dynamic development and reducing nitrogen leaching · 2020

• positive
  Long-term biochar and N fertilizer applications reduced topsoil bulk density by 10%–12% compared with the control with no N fertilizer and no biochar.

  compared with control treatment with no N fertilizer and no biochar

Saline-Sodic Soils Treated with Some Soil Amendments and Foliar Application with Compost Tea and Proline for Improvement Some Soil Properties and Yield-Water Productivity of Rice · 2021

• positive
  Compost plus gypsum had the strongest effect on soil bulk density and porosity.

  compared with the other treatment

• positive
  Amendments increased soil infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity.

Effects of application of rapeseed cake as organic fertilizer on rice quality at high yield level · 2021

• positive
  Organic fertilizer application decreased the pasting temperature and gelatinization enthalpy of rice starch.

  compared with T1

Blended Amendments: A Sustainable Approach for Managing Nutrient Deficiency in Rice Fields · 2021

• positive
  Chemical fertilizer improved soil moisture over unamended soil in all three rice fields.

  compared with unamended soil

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT UREA FORMS APPLICATION AND LAND LEVELLING TREATMENTS ON SALINE SOIL PROPERTIES AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY · 2021

• positive
  Urea along with rice compost straw significantly improved aggregation characteristic in both seasons.

Impacts of Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on the Morpho-Physiological Traits, Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice under Different Water Regimes · 2022

• positive
  High and medium nitrogen with WSS improved rice leaf mesophyll structure, including starch grains, cell walls, and chloroplasts.

Co-application of compost or inorganic NPK fertilizer with biochar influences soil quality, grain yield and net income of rice · 2022

• positive
  Compost plus biochar most increased soil porosity and moisture retention.
• positive
  Compost plus biochar most reduced soil bulk density.

Effect of Different Sources of Nitrogen Application on Rice Yield and Soil Health in Saline Sodic Soil · 2022

• positive
  Compost plus gypsum at 10 cm water depth gave the lowest surface soil BD, EC and pH in both seasons.

Effect and Mechanism of Rice-Pasture Rotation Systems on Yield Increase and Runoff Reduction under Different Fertilizer Treatments · 2023

• positive
  The rotation and fertilizer combination reduced nitrogen runoff losses.

Effect of Balance and Imbalanced Fertilization on Soil Physical Properties, Growth and Yield of Rice in Chhattisgarh, India · 2024

• positive
  The 100% NPK FYM treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density relative to all other treatments.

  compared with all other treatments

[Effects of Straw and Fertilizer Managements on Nitrogen Loss in Rice Cultivation in Taihu Lake Basin]. · 2024

• positive
  Thirty percent organic fertilizer substitution reduced runoff nitrogen loss by 16% compared with fertilizer application at the same nitrogen gradient.

  compared with fertilizer application under the same nitrogen gradient

Modeling the Effect of Milk Vetch–Rice Rotation on N Runoff Loss in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River · 2024

• positive
  Green manure reduced dissolved inorganic nitrogen runoff loss by 0.22 to 9.66 kg N ha−1 across sites.
• positive
  Simulations showed the greatest nitrogen runoff reduction in wet years under green manure and 40% less nitrogen fertilizer.

Effects of Straw Management and Nitrogen Application Rate on Soil’s Physicochemical Properties and Rice Yield in Saline–Sodic Paddy Fields · 2024

• positive
  Straw return with nitrogen fertilization increased soil aggregate stability and organic matter.

Effect of soil breeding and soil amendments on soil physical properties, rice yield and economics in crusted Alfisol · 2025

• positive
  T8 raised hydraulic conductivity to 3.02 cm h-1.
• positive
  T8 reduced soil bulk density to 1.31 Mg m-3.
• positive
  T8 raised soil infiltration rate to 3.62 cm h-1.

Effect of gamma irradiation on silica-enriched biochar and biofertilizer on the productivity of rice grown on degraded Latosol soil · 2025

• positive
  F1 biochar silica with full NPK improved soil structure.

Characteristics of Biopores From Rice Root in Paddy Soil Under Long‐Term Different Fertilization · 2025

• positive
  NPKM reduced soil bulk density to 1.03 g cm −3.

Effect of Continuous Use of Fertilizers and Manures on Nutrient Uptake, Use Efficiency and Yield in Rice-Rice Cropping Systems · 2025

• positive
  Combined FYM and NPK reduced soil bulk density.

Effect of Long Term (≈19 Years) Fertilization and Manure Practices on Yield and Soil Quality in Intensive Rice Cultivation on Inceptisol · 2025

• positive
  FYM produced the lowest bulk density, 1.32 Mg m-3.

Effect of conservation tillage on soil penetration resistance, bulk density, porosity and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) in rice-based cropping system · 2026

• positive
  T6 (NPTR with 100% RDF + MC) had the lowest bulk density at the end of the third season.
• positive
  T6 (NPTR with 100% RDF + MC) had the highest soil porosity (52.1%).
• positive
  Soil porosity under T6 increased by 12.28% over the initial value.

  compared with initial value

• negative
  T1 (TPR with 100% RDF) maintained the highest bulk density.