Abstract
Biochar and inorganic fertilizer when co-applied have been reported to increase crop yield and enhance soil fertility. However, studies on this complementary effect on soil properties and rain-fed upland rice performance in Sub-Saharan Africa are still scanty. Field factorial studies conducted over 2 years was set up to investigate the interactions between rice husk biochar and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer on a sandy clay loam Alfisol. A two-factor (4 × 4) in RCBD where rice husk biochar was incorporated at four doses, 0, 3, 6, and 12 t/ha−1, inorganic N fertilizer (urea) at four rates, 0, 30, 60 and 90 N kg/ha−1, and their combinations was adopted. Results showed that combination of biochar and N fertilizer exerted significant (P > 0.05) interactive effect on rice harvest index, grain and straw yield and N-use efficiency. Interaction between biochar and N fertilizer increased agronomic efficiency by 140% and grain nutrient recovery by 191% over 2 years. Combination of biochar and N fertilizer reduced soil bulk density, increased water holding capacity and soil chemical status such as pH, N, P, K, Corg, Ca, ECEC and base saturation, all within the top 10 cm depth of the soil. Overall, the results established that rice husk biochar can be used as a soil conditioner to enhance upland rice yield on an Alfisol. The combined dose of 3–6 t/ha−1 biochar and 30 kg/ha−1 of N fertilizer is thus recommended for upland rice farmers in the study area.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer had a reported significant interaction on rice harvest index.
- Taxon
- upland rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- combination of biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- rice harvest indexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of biochar and N fertilizer exerted significant (P > 0.05) interactive effect on rice harvest index, grain and straw yield and N-use efficiency”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer had a reported significant interaction on rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination of biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- graine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of biochar and N fertilizer exerted significant (P > 0.05) interactive effect on rice harvest index, grain and straw yield and N-use efficiency”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer had a reported significant interaction on rice straw yield.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination of biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of biochar and N fertilizer exerted significant (P > 0.05) interactive effect on rice harvest index, grain and straw yield and N-use efficiency”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer had a reported significant interaction on rice nitrogen-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination of biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- N-use efficiencye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of biochar and N fertilizer exerted significant (P > 0.05) interactive effect on rice harvest index, grain and straw yield and N-use efficiency”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer together increased rice agronomic efficiency by 140% over two years.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 140%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction between biochar and N fertilizer increased agronomic efficiency by 140% and grain nutrient recovery by 191% over 2 years”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer together increased rice grain nutrient recovery by 191% over two years.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain nutrient recoverye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 191%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction between biochar and N fertilizer increased agronomic efficiency by 140% and grain nutrient recovery by 191% over 2 years”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer reduced soil bulk density in the top 10 cm.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- top 10 cm depth of the soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of biochar and N fertilizer reduced soil bulk density, increased water holding capacity and soil chemical status such as pH, N, P, K, Corg, Ca, ECEC and base saturation, all within the top 10 cm depth of the soil”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil water holding capacity in the top 10 cm.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- water holding capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of biochar and N fertilizer reduced soil bulk density, increased water holding capacity and soil chemical status such as pH, N, P, K, Corg, Ca, ECEC and base saturation, all within the top 10 cm depth of the soil”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil pH, N, and P in the top 10 cm.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- pH, N, Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of biochar and N fertilizer reduced soil bulk density, increased water holding capacity and soil chemical status such as pH, N, P, K, Corg, Ca, ECEC and base saturation, all within the top 10 cm depth of the soil”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil K, Corg, and Ca in the top 10 cm.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- K, Corg, Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of biochar and N fertilizer reduced soil bulk density, increased water holding capacity and soil chemical status such as pH, N, P, K, Corg, Ca, ECEC and base saturation, all within the top 10 cm depth of the soil”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil ECEC and base saturation in the top 10 cm.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar and N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- ECEC and base saturatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of biochar and N fertilizer reduced soil bulk density, increased water holding capacity and soil chemical status such as pH, N, P, K, Corg, Ca, ECEC and base saturation, all within the top 10 cm depth of the soil”
t0“upland rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that rice husk biochar can condition Alfisol soil to improve upland rice yield.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice husk biochar can be used as a soil conditioner to enhance upland rice yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice husk biochar can be used as a soil conditioner to enhance upland rice yield on an Alfisol”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 3–6 t/ha−1 biochar with 30 kg/ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer for upland rice farmers.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- combined dose of 3–6 t/ha−1 biochar and 30 kg/ha−1 of N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined dose of 3–6 t/ha−1 biochar and 30 kg/ha−1 of N fertilizer is thus recommended for upland rice farmers in the study area.”
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