Abstract
The Nitrogen (N) recovery index in rice paddy soils has never been exceeded by more than 30%, regardless of using proven fertilizer management strategies and amounting to significant N being out of rice plant use. Biochar application and the newly released N biofertilizers (singly or in combination) increase the N use efficiency by increasing the soil nutrient retention capacity. Therefore, a two-year pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of the co-application of rice husk biochar and nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency indexes. The applied treatments were rice husk biochar at three levels (0, 20, and 40 tha−1) and N fertilizers at three levels (0, chemical (Urea), and N-biofertilizer). The most effective combination treatments (200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochar) significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased the grain yield (2.38 times), straw and biological yield (2.83 and 2.62 times, respectively), N content of soil N (59%), nitrogen uptake efficiency (2.92 times), and nitrogen internal efficiency (59%), whereas, nitrogen recovery efficiency decreased by about 52%. Moreover, the maximum increase in N content of grain and harvest index was recorded at combination application of 20 tha−1 biochar plus urea by about 48 and 15%, respectively. It can be concluded that the co-application of rice husk biochar and N fertilizers has substantial advantages over their single applications in terms of N fertilizer recovery, N uptake. Thus, it might be an effective way to enhance rice yield.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Urea plus 40 tha−1 biochar increased rice grain yield 2.38 times.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- 200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochare0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.38 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochar) significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased the grain yield (2.38 times)”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination increased straw yield 2.83 times.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochare1
- Outcome
- strawe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2.83e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw and biological yield (2.83 and 2.62 times, respectively)”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
e1“200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination increased biological yield 2.62 times.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochare1
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2.62 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw and biological yield (2.83 and 2.62 times, respectively)”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
e1“200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination increased soil nitrogen content 59%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochare1
- Outcome
- N content of soil Ne0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N content of soil N (59%)”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
e1“200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination increased nitrogen uptake efficiency 2.92 times.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochare1
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake efficiencye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2.92 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen uptake efficiency (2.92 times)”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
e1“200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination increased nitrogen internal efficiency 59%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochare1
- Outcome
- nitrogen internal efficiencye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen internal efficiency (59%)”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
e1“200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination decreased nitrogen recovery efficiency about 52%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochare1
- Outcome
- nitrogen recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- about 52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen recovery efficiency decreased by about 52%.”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
e1“200 kg N ha−1 in source of urea plus 40 tha−1 rice husk biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 20 tha−1 plus urea increased grain nitrogen content about 48%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20 tha−1 biochar plus ureae0
- Outcome
- N content of graine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- about 48e0
- Qualifier
- respectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum increase in N content of grain and harvest index was recorded at combination application of 20 tha−1 biochar plus urea by about 48 and 15%, respectively.”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 20 tha−1 plus urea increased harvest index about 15%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20 tha−1 biochar plus ureae0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- respectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum increase in N content of grain and harvest index was recorded at combination application of 20 tha−1 biochar plus urea by about 48 and 15%, respectively.”
t0“on rice yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer can enhance rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- enhance rice yielde0
- Qualifier
- mighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, it might be an effective way to enhance rice yield.”
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