Search claims · PlantClaims

2020s 1050

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under low nitrogen, SSW1 Cvi increases nitrogen use efficiency.

Taxon: ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material: SSW1 Cvi allelee0
Outcome: nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)e0
Direction: increasede0
Qualifier: low nitrogen supplye0

Verbatim

e0
“Under low nitrogen supply, the SSW1 Cvi allele exhibits increased seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 599–709

t0
“Arabidopsis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–92

Title

Natural variation in SSW1 coordinates seed growth and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis

Shan Jiang; Ximing Jin; Zebin Liu; et al. Cell Reports 2024. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114150

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation SSW1 is a major seed size and weight QTL on chromosome 1.
Association SSW1 acts maternally to increase seed size.
Observation SSW1 has three natural allele types.
Association SSW1 Cvi produces larger seeds than SSW1 Ler.
Association SSW1 Cvi seeds have more amino acids and storage proteins than SSW1 Ler seeds.
Association SSW1 Cvi has greater amino acid transport capacity than SSW1 Ler.
Association Under low nitrogen, SSW1 Cvi increases seed yield.
Association SSW1 allele locations are associated with local soil nitrogen content.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Indica and japonica differ significantly in nitrogen use efficiency.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Material: indica and japonica subspeciese0
Outcome: Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), a critical determinant of crop productivity and agricultural sustainability, varies significantly between indica and japonica subspecies.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–168

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 90–94

Title

Nature variations of OsNLP4 responsible for nitrogen use efficiency divergence in the two rice subspecies

Jie Wu; Ying Song; Guangyu Wan; et al. Nature Communications 2025. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63109-7

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Three OsNLP4 coding-region SNPs underlie the subspecies divergence.
Mechanism The SNPs enhance binding of OsNLP4indica to nitrate response elements.
Mechanism The SNPs amplify activation of nitrogen metabolism and iron homeostasis genes.
Intervention effect Introgressing OsNLP4indica into XS134 increased grain yield by 12–25% across field trials.
Intervention effect Introgressing OsNLP4indica into XS134 increased NUE by 12–25% across field trials.
Intervention effect Heterologous expression in Arabidopsis increased shoot biomass by 23%.
Intervention effect Combining OsNLP4indica with balanced nitrogen-iron fertilization raised NUE by 30–32%.

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ZmNIR2 and ZmGLN1 are the primary plastoglobule-localized components that orchestrate sub-organellar nitrogen assimilation and dictate nitrogen use efficiency.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Gene: ZmNIR2 and ZmGLN1e0
Outcome: nitrogen use efficiencye0

Verbatim

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 57–62

e0
“ZmNIR2 and ZmGLN1 are the primary PG-localized components that orchestrate sub-organellar nitrogen assimilation and dictate nitrogen use efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 730–877

Title

Plastoglobules compartmentalize nitrogen assimilation in maize

Di Chen; Lulu Gao; Shujun Li; et al. Nature 2026. doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10610-8

Other claims from this paper (5)

2010s 407

Show all 407 →

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Additive gene effects mainly governed nitrogen use efficiency.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Gene: additive gene effecte0
Outcome: nitrogen use efficiencye0

Verbatim

e0
“The ability of nitrogen use efficiency is mainly affected by the additive gene effect”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 374–459

t0
“Analysis of combining ability of cytoplasmic effects onnitrogen use efficiency of hybrid rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–93

Title

Analysis of combining ability of cytoplasmic effects onnitrogen use efficiency of hybrid rice

Yongjun Chen Plant Nutrition and Fertilizing Science 2011

Other claims from this paper (4)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors infer that OsDOF18 mediates ammonium transport and nitrogen distribution, affecting nitrogen use efficiency.

Taxon: Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
Gene: OsDOF18e0
Outcome: nitrogen use efficiencye0

Verbatim

e0
“OsDOF18 mediates ammonium transport and nitrogen distribution, which then affects nitrogen use efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 995–1100

t0
“Oryza sativa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 108–120

Title

Transcription Factor OsDOF18 Controls Ammonium Uptake by Inducing Ammonium Transporters in Rice Roots

Yunfei Wu; Wenzhu Yang; Jinhuan Wei; et al. Molecules and Cells 2017. doi:10.14348/molcells.2017.2261

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation OsDOF18 null mutants had retarded growth with ammonium as the only nitrogen source.
Observation The same mutants grew normally with nitrate as the only nitrogen source.
Intervention effect Ammonium induced OsDOF18 gene expression.
Observation Ammonium uptake was lower in osdof18 mutants than wild type.
Observation Nitrate uptake was unaffected by the osdof18 mutation.
Observation Expression of four ammonium transporter genes was reduced in osdof18 mutants.
Observation Genes for nitrogen assimilation were affected in the mutants.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen use efficiency showed a reciprocal effect in the crosses.

Taxon: popcornt0
Outcome: a reciprocal effect for N-use efficiencye0

Verbatim

e0
“there was allelic complementarity between the lines and a reciprocal effect for N-use efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 966–1062

t0
“popcorn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–74

Title

Relative importance of gene effects for nitrogen-use efficiency in popcorn

Adriano dos Santos; Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior; Roberto Fritsche-Neto; et al. PLoS ONE 2019. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222726

Other claims from this paper (3)

2000s 123

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Associationobservedreview summarysignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Genotype and nitrogen fertilization interact significantly for nitrogen use efficiency.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: nitrogen fertilizatione0
Outcome: genotype x nitrogen fertilization (GxN) interactione0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“with a significant genotype x nitrogen fertilization (GxN) interaction”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 467–537

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–68

Title

Genetic variation and selection for nitrogen use efficiency in maize : A synthesis

A. Galláis; Marie Coque Maydica 2005

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

AlaAT overexpressing rice showed a strong nitrogen use efficiency phenotype.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Gene: alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT)e0
Outcome: strong nitrogen use efficiency phenotypee0

Verbatim

e0
“We engineered rice over-expressing alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) under the control of a tissue-specific promoter that showed a strong nitrogen use efficiency phenotype.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 436–607

Title

Transcriptome analysis of nitrogen‐efficient rice over‐expressing alanine aminotransferase

Perrin H. Beatty; Ashok K. Shrawat; Rebecka T. Carroll; et al. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00424.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Only 0.11% of root genes were differentially regulated in transgenic rice versus controls.
Intervention effect Only 0.07% of shoot genes were differentially regulated in transgenic rice versus controls.
Observation GRP was among the most upregulated root transcripts.
Observation Os8823 was among the most upregulated root transcripts.
Observation LRR was upregulated specifically in transgenic roots.
Observation GRP, LRR and OsARD were induced in transgenic shoots.
Observation SNF2 ATP-translocase and a putative leucine zipper transcription factor were induced in transgenic shoots.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

General combining ability was significant for grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency under high nitrogen.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: general combining ability (GCA)e0
Qualifier: GY, NUE and NUpEe0
Setting: high N soile0

Verbatim

e0
“The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for GY, NUE and NUpE for maize grown in high N soil.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 756–898

Title

Genetic control of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in tropical maize

Leandro Vagno de Souza; Glauco Vieira Miranda; João Carlos Cardoso Galvão; et al. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 2008. doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2008001100010

Other claims from this paper (8)

1980s 10

Show all 10 →

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Epistatic effects operated in maize grain yield, nitrogen harvest index, and N utilization efficiency.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Gene: epistatic gene effectse0
Outcome: grain yield, NHI and N utilization efficiencye0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“epistatic gene effects are operating in grain yield, NHI and N utilization efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1331–1416

t0
“GENE EFFECTS CONTROLLING GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS IN MAIZE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–80

Title

GENE EFFECTS CONTROLLING GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS IN MAIZE

Leopoldo R Alvarado Lincoln (University of Nebraska) 1985

Other claims from this paper (9)

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Additive by additive epistasis was important under less nitrogen stress.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Gene: Additive x additive epistatic effectse0
Outcome: importante0
Qualifier: environments with less N stresse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Additive x additive epistatic effects were important in environments with less N stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1185–1272

t0
“GENE EFFECTS CONTROLLING GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS IN MAIZE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–80

Title

GENE EFFECTS CONTROLLING GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS IN MAIZE

Leopoldo R Alvarado Lincoln (University of Nebraska) 1985

Other claims from this paper (9)

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Additive effects were significant for most maize traits.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Gene: Additive effectse0
Outcome: most traitse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Additive effects were significant for most traits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 999–1048

t0
“GENE EFFECTS CONTROLLING GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS IN MAIZE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–80

Title

GENE EFFECTS CONTROLLING GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY TRAITS IN MAIZE

Leopoldo R Alvarado Lincoln (University of Nebraska) 1985

Other claims from this paper (9)

1990s 6

Show all 6 →

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

General and specific combining ability significantly contributed to variation in nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency.

Taxon: spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
Material: general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA)e0
Outcome: variation in NUE and PUEe0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant for the variation in NUE and PUE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 347–478

t0
“spring barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 65–78

Title

Inheritance of nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency in spring barley at the vegetative growth stages under high and low nutrition

A. G. Górny Plant Breeding 1999. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00426.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Variation in tolerance to limited nutrition was mainly associated with general combining ability.
Association Nonadditive gene contributions to nutrient use efficiencies increased under shortages.
Observation Gene overdominance was detected.
Observation Studied characters had low heritabilities of 0.10 to 0.42.
Observation Generation means revealed significant epistatic gene interactions.
Mechanism Authors inferred dominance and epistasis hinder early vegetative selection.
Recommendation Authors recommend selection among families in later generations.
Observation Genotype nutrition interactions were observed.
Recommendation Authors recommend selection across nutrition rates to evaluate barley efficiency.

Recommendationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The genetic diversity of glutamine synthetase expression is one of the most promising research areas for nitrogen use efficiency (review recommendation).

Taxon: Higher PlantsEmbryophytat0
Outcome: the study of this genetic diversitye1
Qualifier: one of the most promising areas of researche1

Verbatim

t0
“Glutamine Synthetase in Higher Plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–37

e1
“the study of this genetic diversity appears to be one of the most promising areas of research, necessary to better understand ammonia assimilation in plants and more generally improve nitrogen use efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 814–1021

Title

Glutamine Synthetase in Higher Plants Regulation of Gene and Protein Expression from the Organ to the Cell

Michèle Cren; Bertrand Hirel Plant and Cell Physiology 1999. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029506

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel translucence induced by nitrogen fertilizer correlated positively with zein proteins.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: N fertilisere0
Gene: zein proteinse0
Outcome: kernel translucencee0
Direction: highly positivee0

Verbatim

e0
“Increased kernel translucence, an indicator of kernel hardness induced by N fertiliser, correlated highly positive with zein proteins”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1107–1240

t0
“maize (Zea mays)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 45–61

Title

Interrelationship of nitrogen nutrition with maize (Zea mays) grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality

C Y Tsai; I Dweikat; D M Huber; et al. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1992. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740580102

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Low N-responsive hybrids reached maximum yield at 134 kg ha −1 applied N.
Intervention effect Intermediate hybrids responded to 134 to 201 kg N ha −1.
Intervention effect High N-responsive hybrids responded to 201 kg N ha −1.
Intervention effect Nitrapyrin increased yield of high N-responsive hybrids at all nitrogen levels.
Association Nitrogen use efficiency of high N-responsive hybrids declined as fertilizer increased.
Association Nitrogen use efficiency of low N-responsive hybrids remained static as fertilizer increased.
Association Within hybrids, protein concentration increased as yield responded to N.
Association Across hybrids, grain yield and protein concentration were negatively correlated.
Observation Zein increases mainly reflected increases in alpha and gamma zein polypeptides.
Observation Hybrids differed in nitrogen requirements for maximum yield.
Intervention effect Low nitrogen conditions restricted grain yield.
Intervention effect Low nitrogen conditions affected kernel textural quality.

“nitrogen use efficiency”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics

2020s 1050

2010s 407

2000s 123

1980s 10

1990s 6