Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.

Outcome: size of the knobse0
Direction: largere0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“the size of the knobs of the former plant is larger”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–769

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Intervention effect A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The knobs measured about 0.35 μm thick.

Taxon: Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
Outcome: thickness of these knobse0
Value: about 0.35 μme0

Verbatim

e0
“The thickness of these knobs was about 0.35 μm.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1122–1169

e1
“Vicia faba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 67–77

Title

Three‐dimensional architecture of the higher plant nucleolonema disclosed on serial ultrathin sections

S Sato Biology of the Cell 1992. doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90144-p

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Silver staining revealed lateral and transverse nucleolonema segments.
Observation Lateral segments had three filament configurations.
Observation Along sections, type I appeared first, then type II or III, and finally type I again.
Observation Type II and III widths remained about 1.0 μm and type I was significantly narrower.
Observation Type II and III lateral filaments had intermittent knobs.
Mechanism The authors infer a 0.35-μm filament coiled into an approximately 1.0-μm solenoid.
Mechanism The proposed solenoid explains open and closed argyrophilic rings.
Observation The elementary solenoid filament was sometimes loosened.
Observation Argyrophilic proteins appeared in the axial space of the solenoid.
Observation DNA and RNA were not detectable in the axial space.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Avena glume waxes showed plates, knobs and filaments.

Taxon: AvenaAvenat0
Outcome: plates, knobs, and filamentse0

Verbatim

e0
“Three basic patterns were discerned, plates, knobs, and filaments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–220

t0
“Avena”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 36–41

Title

The epicuticular waxes of glumes of Avena: a scanning electron microscopic study of the morphological patterns in all the species

B. R. Baum; V. E. Hadland Canadian Journal of Botany 1975. doi:10.1139/b75-200

Other claims from this paper (4)

Method / resource Wax patterns generally cannot identify Avena species.
Association Wax pattern variability declined as ploidy increased.
Observation Hexaploid species had almost exclusively filament wax patterns.
Observation Other species showed all three basic wax patterns.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.

Taxon: Stereospermumkunthianume0
Organ / stage: abaxial surfacee0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.
Observation Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobbed chromosomes formed more micronuclei than chromosomes without knobs.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse2
Gene: knobbed chromosomese0
Outcome: micronucleie1
Direction: moree0
Comparator: chromosomes without knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“knobbed chromosomes form more than do chromosomes without knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 483–546

e1
“micronuclei”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 439–450

e2
“chromosome 6 (NOR) of maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 320–347

Title

Chromosome Nondisjunction and Instabilities in Tapetal Cells Are Affected by B Chromosomes in Maize

A Mauricio Chiavarino; Marcela Rosato; Silvia Manzanero; et al. Genetics 2000. doi:10.1093/genetics/155.2.889

Other claims from this paper (11)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Only one neocentromere activating region is sufficient to move many knobs.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome: move many knobse0
Qualifier: one of the neocentromere-activating regionse0

Verbatim

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–72

e0
“only one of the neocentromere-activating regions is sufficient to move many knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–723

Title

Four Loci on Abnormal Chromosome 10 Contribute to Meiotic Drive in Maize

Evelyn N Hiatt; R Kelly Dawe Genetics 2003. doi:10.1093/genetics/164.2.699

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation At least four chromosomal regions contribute distinct functions to meiotic drive.
Observation An Ab10 locus promoting recombination in structural heterozygotes was localized.
Observation A deletion derivative of Ab10 identified a new function required for meiotic drive.
Observation The suppressor of meiotic drive 3 mutation identified another independent function required for meiotic drive.
Intervention effect Loss of either new function abolished meiotic drive.
Intervention effect Neocentromere activity and the Ab10 recombination effect were unaffected by loss of either function.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.

Taxon: Tabebuia roseaTabebuia roseae0
Organ / stage: adaxial surfacee0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silica formed discrete knobs and rosettes on the epidermal surface of E. arvense.

Taxon: E. arvensee0
Organ / stage: epidermal surfacee0
Outcome: discrete knobs and rosettese0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Silica is deposited primarily in discrete knobs and rosettes on the epidermal surface in E. arvense”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 168–267

Title

ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS OF SILICA IN EPIDERMAL CELLS OF EQUISETUM

Peter B. Kaufman; Wilbur C. Bigelow; Rudolf Schmid; et al. American Journal of Botany 1971. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1971.tb09978.x

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Methyl alcohol pretreatment was effective in revealing centromeres, heterochromatin and knobs in prophase chromosomes.

Treatment: methyl alcohol pretreatmente1
Outcome: revealing centromeres, heterochromatin, and knobse1
Direction: effectivee1

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e1
“For prophase studies, methyl alcohol pretreatment was found effective in revealing centromeres, heterochromatin, and knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 270–392

Title

Acetic Acid Methods for Chromosome Studies at Prophase and Metaphase in Meristems

Joseph G. O'mara Stain Technology 1948. doi:10.3109/10520294809106249

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.

Taxon: theA. japonicae0
Treatment: antibiotics or by heat treatmente0
Outcome: knobs are never formede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“theA. japonica which is closely affined to them and non-leaf-nodular plant, knobs are never formed either by antibiotics or by heat treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–477

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

“knobs”

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