Search claims · PlantClaims

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in rate per unit area is attributed to a decrease in protein per unit area.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: rate per unit areae5
Qualifier: decrease in protein per unit areae5

Verbatim

e0
“along the course of maize roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 187–218

e5
“This is attributed to an increasing protein content, and the decrease in rate per unit area to a corresponding decrease in protein per unit area”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1141

Title

The Absorption of Potassium by Cells in the Apex of the Root

R. BROWN; P. M. CARTWRIGHT Journal of Experimental Botany 1953. doi:10.1093/jxb/4.2.197

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Potassium absorption by the first, almost entirely meristematic root section is abnormally low.
Mechanism The low absorption of the first root section is attributed to the absence of a tonoplast around a central vacuole.
Association The rate per unit area of surface decreases as cells expand after vacuolation in the root.
Association Per cell, potassium absorption increases as expansion occurs in the root.
Mechanism Per-cell absorption increase is attributed to increasing protein content.
Observation Absorption per unit protein increases during cell growth in the root as cytoplasm differentiates.
Observation After excision, protein content does not increase whether or not growth occurs.
Observation Final internal potassium concentrations in the sections vary according to the growth that occurs.
Observation After vacuolation with limited growth, the final internal concentration is greater than at the beginning of the experiment.
Observation When growth occurs, the final internal concentration may be lower.
Mechanism Absorption depends on an inward secretion into the vacuole that is independent of surface area.
Mechanism Absorption includes an outward diffusion into the medium that increases with surface area.
Intervention effect Sugar stimulates the rate of potassium absorption.
Intervention effect When growth does not occur, sugar enhances the final internal concentration.
Intervention effect When growth occurs, sugar stimulates potassium absorption.
Intervention effect When growth occurs, sugar stimulates expansion of the cell.
Intervention effect The expansion effect of sugar may lead to a final concentration lower than without sugar.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Younger leaves had a small decrease in water content and greater dehydration resistance.

Taxon: rice plantOryza sativat0
Organ / stage: younger leavese0
Outcome: small decrease in the water-contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“younger leaves showed a small decrease in the water-content, and had a large resistance against dehydration.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–530

t0
“Rice Plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–56

Title

The Change of Water-Content and the Injury of Rice Plant by the Wind Treatment (1)

Y. TSUBOI; S. KUBO Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 1959. doi:10.2480/agrmet.14.85

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observation Under normal conditions, rice water content increased from ear to leaf to stem.
Observation Water-content variance decreased from ear to leaf to stem.
Intervention effect Rice plants began wilting when root water supply was intercepted.
Observation The reduction of water content in ears was smaller than in leaves.
Association Ear water-content reduction fluctuated with days after heading.
Observation Stem water-content reduction was the smallest among organs after water-supply interception.
Observation Critical water content for recovery from wilting was about 50 per cent before milky ripe period.
Observation Critical water content for wilting recovery was about 60 per cecnt in waxy ripe period.
Intervention effect Wind reduced water content considerably in the upper half of the leaf blade.
Observation Leaf sites did not differ in reduction of water content under wind treatment.
Intervention effect Differences in ear water content between wind-treated and untreated plants were unclear.
Intervention effect Stem water-content reduction under wind was smallest.
Intervention effect A stem bearing a young head before heading had considerably large water-content reduction under wind.
Association Stronger wind and longer exposure produced more marked reduction of water content.

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The radioprotective effects of cysteamine appeared to be due to a decrease of the total metabolism

Taxon: Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
Treatment: cysteaminee0
Outcome: decrease of the total metabolisme0

Verbatim

e0
“The radioprotective effects of cysteamine appeared to be due to a decrease of the total metabolism”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–375

t0
“radiation injuries in Vicia faba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 243–275

Title

THE QUESTION OF THE PROTECTION MECHANISM OF SULFHYDRYL (-SH) SUBSTANCES

H. Maurer; Angélica Zaninelli Schreiber Strahlentherapie (West Germany) 1959

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower surface tension could decrease retention yet also decrease equi-effective concentration in B. alba.

Taxon: B. albae0
Outcome: decrease retentione0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“For B. alba and H. annuus though lowering the surface tension may decrease retention it may also Himiniah the concentration because the fall in retention is more than offset by a greater penetration of the compound into the shoot.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3126–3356

Title

Studies in the Principles of Phytotoxicity

G. E. BLACKMAN; R. S. BRUCE; K. HOLLY Journal of Experimental Botany 1958. doi:10.1093/jxb/9.2.175

Other claims from this paper (18)

Association Spray retention depended on developmental stage, spray volume, and surface tension.
Observation Retention differences between two species ranged from tenfold to twofold across conditions.
Association Retention of P. sativum rose linearly with spray output between 14 and 143 ml./m.3.
Association Retention of H. vulgare rose linearly with spray output between 14 and 143 ml./m.3.
Association Retention of H. annuus had a curvilinear relation with spray output.
Association Retention of B. alba had a curvilinear relation with spray output.
Intervention effect Lowering surface tension below 40 dynes/cm increased retention of P. sativum.
Intervention effect Lowering surface tension below 40 dynes/cm increased retention of H. vulgare.
Intervention effect Lower surface tension decreased retention of B. alba when output exceeded 50 ml./m.
Intervention effect Lower surface tension decreased retention of H. annuus when output exceeded 50 ml./m.
Intervention effect Smaller droplets increased retention of H. vulgare at a given spray output.
Intervention effect Smaller droplets did not augment retention of H. annuus.
Association Retention was maximal with high leaf-area ratio, complete wetting, and horizontal laminae.
Association For freely translocated compounds, equi-effective concentration was inversely and linearly related to retention.
Intervention effect Cotyledon micro-drops inhibited L. usitatimmwn shoot growth less than whole-shoot spray.
Intervention effect Applying regulator to leaves or first internode inhibited H. annuus growth more than application to cotyledons.
Association For L. usitatisrimum, the concentration-retention relation for ammonium dinitro-sec-butylphenate was inverse and approximately logarithmic.
Observation Lower surface tension could decrease retention yet also decrease equi-effective concentration in H. annuus.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower surface tension could decrease retention yet also decrease equi-effective concentration in H. annuus.

Taxon: H. annuusHelianthus annuuse0
Outcome: decrease retentione0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“For B. alba and H. annuus though lowering the surface tension may decrease retention it may also Himiniah the concentration because the fall in retention is more than offset by a greater penetration of the compound into the shoot.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3126–3356

Title

Studies in the Principles of Phytotoxicity

G. E. BLACKMAN; R. S. BRUCE; K. HOLLY Journal of Experimental Botany 1958. doi:10.1093/jxb/9.2.175

Other claims from this paper (18)

Association Spray retention depended on developmental stage, spray volume, and surface tension.
Observation Retention differences between two species ranged from tenfold to twofold across conditions.
Association Retention of P. sativum rose linearly with spray output between 14 and 143 ml./m.3.
Association Retention of H. vulgare rose linearly with spray output between 14 and 143 ml./m.3.
Association Retention of H. annuus had a curvilinear relation with spray output.
Association Retention of B. alba had a curvilinear relation with spray output.
Intervention effect Lowering surface tension below 40 dynes/cm increased retention of P. sativum.
Intervention effect Lowering surface tension below 40 dynes/cm increased retention of H. vulgare.
Intervention effect Lower surface tension decreased retention of B. alba when output exceeded 50 ml./m.
Intervention effect Lower surface tension decreased retention of H. annuus when output exceeded 50 ml./m.
Intervention effect Smaller droplets increased retention of H. vulgare at a given spray output.
Intervention effect Smaller droplets did not augment retention of H. annuus.
Association Retention was maximal with high leaf-area ratio, complete wetting, and horizontal laminae.
Association For freely translocated compounds, equi-effective concentration was inversely and linearly related to retention.
Intervention effect Cotyledon micro-drops inhibited L. usitatimmwn shoot growth less than whole-shoot spray.
Intervention effect Applying regulator to leaves or first internode inhibited H. annuus growth more than application to cotyledons.
Association For L. usitatisrimum, the concentration-retention relation for ammonium dinitro-sec-butylphenate was inverse and approximately logarithmic.
Observation Lower surface tension could decrease retention yet also decrease equi-effective concentration in B. alba.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ear shading caused a slightly greater yield decrease for Proctor and Herta, without significant varietal differences.

Treatment: shading the earse0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the decrease in grain yield by shading the ears was slightly greater for Proctor and Herta, the differences were not significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1652–1781

Title

Physiological Causes of Differences in Grain Yield between Varieties of Barley

D. J. WATSON; GILLIAN N. THORNE; S. A. W. FRENCH Annals of Botany 1958. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083616

Other claims from this paper (19)

Association Proctor and Herta yielded 10—15 per cent more grain than Plumage-Archer without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Nitrogen increased the varietal grain yield difference to about 30 per cent.
Intervention effect Higher nitrogen caused Plumage-Archer lodging without increasing its yield.
Observation Proctor and Herta remained standing under higher nitrogen.
Observation The three varieties had similar leaf-area index, net assimilation rate and total dry weight before ear emergence.
Association After ear emergence Herta had a smaller leaf-area index than Proctor and Plumage-Archer.
Observation Shaded-ear pot experiment found nearly equal dry matter contribution per leaf area across varieties.
Mechanism The authors attributed higher yield to photosynthesis by the ears.
Association In pots, Proctor and Herta yielded only about 6 per cent more than Plumage-Archer.
Association Field ear sizes were greater for Proctor and Herta than Plumage-Archer.
Association Ear dry weight at emergence was greater in the higher yielding varieties.
Observation Herta ears may have higher photosynthetic efficiency.
Association Plumage-Archer absorbed more potassium.
Association Herta absorbed less phosphorus than the other varieties.
Observation About a quarter of final nitrogen was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation A third of phosphorus was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation Potassium content was nearly maximal at ear emergence and later decreased.
Observation Ear photosynthesis contributed 26 per cent of grain dry matter, including 10 per cent from awns.
Observation Flag-leaf lamina, sheath and peduncle supplied 59 per cent of grain dry matter, and lower shoots supplied 15 per cent.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Removal of the coleoptilar node causes a sharp decrease in the final mesocotyl length.

Taxon: Avena sativaAvena sativat0
Treatment: Removal of the coleoptilar nodee0
Outcome: final length of the mesocotyle0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Mesocotyl of Avena sativa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 65–90

e0
“Removal of the coleoptilar node causes a sharp decrease in the final length of the mesocotyl”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 713–805

Title

A Critical Study of the Auxin Theory of Growth Regulation in the Mesocotyl of Avena sativa

C. L. MER Annals of Botany 1951. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083275

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Organic P differences were inconclusive, though a decrease in infected leaves was suspected.

Taxon: tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
Outcome: organic P contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: still inconclusivee0
Comparator: sounde0

Verbatim

e0
“The difference in organic P content betwen the sound and infected leaves was still inconclusive, although it seemed likely to decrease in the latter.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1553–1702

e1
“tobacco or tomato leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 103–127

Title

NATURE OF VIRUS INFECTION IN PLANTS (II)

TORU SHIMOMURA; TOKUZO HIRAI VIRUS 1956. doi:10.2222/jsv1951.6.394

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Virus infection most noticeably affected the leaf nucleic acid fraction.
Intervention effect Inoculated detached leaves showed 20-50 per cent more nucleic acids, especially RNA, after 24-48 hours.
Observation Upper leaves had essentially the same response after lower leaves were inoculated.
Observation Increased RNA appeared in the supernatant fraction in one case.
Observation Increased RNA appeared in the precipitate in another case.
Observation P32 was incorporated into virus nucleic acid three days after inoculation.
Intervention effect TMV-inoculated Nicotiana glutinosa leaves showed no increase in nucleic acid.
Observation Acid-soluble phosphorus compounds were higher in inoculated leaves.
Observation Inorganic P was higher in inoculated leaves.
Observation Infected tobacco leaves had more protein-associated P than sound leaves.
Observation Infected tobacco leaves had more lipid-associated P than sound leaves.
Observation The authors found no evidence for a viral metabolic shift beyond increased viral nucleic acid.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A pronounced decrease in dropping rate was observed under short day.

Taxon: soy beanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: short daye4
Outcome: dropping ratee4
Direction: decreasee4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Observations were made on blooming and dropping of flowers and young pods of soy bean plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3–95

e4
“A pronounced decrease in dropping rate was observed in plots under short day”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–638

Title

Physiological Studies on Blooming and Podding in Soy Bean Plant (Preliminary Report) : (1) Experimental Studies on Flower Dropping and Pod Shedding

Masani KAMAE Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1952. doi:10.1626/jcs.21.117

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Assimilation rate began to decrease after about a minute.

Taxon: plant speciest0
Outcome: rate of assimilatione1
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: after about one minutee0

Verbatim

e0
“but after about one minute began to decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 366–410

t0
“leaves from seven plant species was continuously measured in a closed system in which the concentration of carbon dioxide was abruptly increased from the atmospheric level”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 65–236

e1
“The rate of assimilation immediately increased, approximately proportional to concentration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 273–364

Title

SOME SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ASSIMILATION IN LEAVES

D. C. Mortimer Canadian Journal of Botany 1959. doi:10.1139/b59-099

Other claims from this paper (5)

“decrease in A”

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