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“magnitude of decrease”

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Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TAC remained relatively constant in unharvested summer-stressed low-water plants unless rainfall stimulated growth.

Taxon: alfalfaMedicago sativat0
Treatment: low water treatmente0
Outcome: TAC levelse0
Direction: remained relatively constante0

Verbatim

e0
“TAC levels of nonharvested summer-stressed plants in the low water treatment remained relatively constant unless rainfall occurred in sufficient magnitude to stimulate top growth, in which case a decrease in TAC levels was observed.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3020–3252

t0
“alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–104

Title

Effect of water management on forage production and on carbohydrate and nitrogen constituents of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

A. A. Schneiter UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) 1973

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation dry matter production decreased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Observation plant height at harvest decreased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Observation efficiency of water use decreased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Observation total water utilization per growth period decreased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Observation Daily water use increased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Intervention effect After irrigation resumed, dry matter production under low water was not significantly different from medium and high water.
Intervention effect After irrigation resumed, harvest plant height under low water was not significantly different from medium and high water.
Observation Alfalfa stand density declined across three production years.
Intervention effect Water management did not significantly influence stand decline or root distribution.
Observation Root morphology varied among genotypes, largely attributed to genetic expression.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly increased root proline content.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly decreased root arginine content.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly increased root sucrose content.
Intervention effect Water stress did not affect root fructose and glucose levels.
Observation Water-insoluble N was lower at midsummer than at the start and end of the season.
Observation Water-soluble protein was lower at midsummer than at the start and end of the season.
Intervention effect Total available carbohydrates and water-soluble protein decreased after harvest.
Observation Water-insoluble N, soluble N, protein amino acid composition and free sugar did not change during regrowth.
Observation TAC decreased in midsummer under medium and high irrigation each year.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FYM reduced leaf Cd content by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent across cuttings.

Taxon: spinach beett0
Organ / stage: leavese0
Treatment: FYM @ 20 t ha-1e0
Outcome: Cd contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percente0
Comparator: F0e0

Verbatim

e0
“However, significantly lowest Cd content was found due to application of FYM @ 20 t ha-1 over F0 during 1st, 2nd and 3rd cutting with magnitude in decrease by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent, respectively in leaves and 17.91 percent in root.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1010–1249

t0
“spinach beet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–110

Title

Effect of Fym, Zn and Trichoderma spp. on content and uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd by spinach beet grown in Cd contaminated soil

MM Barvaliya; AP Italiya; Patel Kh; et al. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet N content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet P content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet K content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Fe content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Mn content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Cu content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Zn content.
Intervention effect FYM reduced root Cd content by 17.91 percent.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected N, P and K content except second-cut K.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected Fe content except in later cuttings.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf Cu and Cd and root Cd content.
Intervention effect Z2 produced higher nutrient concentrations.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf nutrient uptake in all cuttings.
Intervention effect Zinc at 5 mg kg-1 gave highest leaf nutrient uptake.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shading the foliage delayed berry growth.

Taxon: Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
Treatment: Shading the foliagee1
Outcome: berry growthe1
Direction: delaye1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Grape vines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) were selectively shaded with polypropylene doth to separate the effects of shading fruit from the effects of shading foliage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–179

e1
“Shading the foliage led to both a delay and a decrease in berry growth. Leaf shading also affected the timing and the magnitude of sugar accumulation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 303–452

Title

Differential effects of shading fruit or foliage on the development and composition of grape berries

Rojas-Lara, B. A.; Morrison, Janice C. Julius Kühn-Institut 2015. doi:10.5073/vitis.1989.28.199-208

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Shading the foliage decreased berry growth.
Association Leaf shading affected the timing and magnitude of sugar accumulation in berries.
Intervention effect Shading reduced total sugar per berry more than it reduced sugar concentration.
Intervention effect Rate of pre-veraison malate accumulation was lower with increasing foliage shade than in fully sun-exposed vines.
Intervention effect Maximum malate content at veraison was lower with increasing foliage shade than in fully sun-exposed vines.
Intervention effect Rate of post-veraison malate loss was highest in fully sun-exposed vines.
Intervention effect Tartaric acid was significantly lower in fruit of heavily shaded vines than in more exposed treatments.
Association Leaf shading was significantly associated with increased potassium concentration in the fruit.
Association Juice pH was more closely correlated with tartaric acid and potassium concentrations than with malate content.
Intervention effect Grapes from heavily shaded vines had the highest pH.
Intervention effect Anthocyanin accumulation was affected more by cluster shading than by leaf shading.
Intervention effect Shaded fruit had significantly less anthocyanin than sun-exposed fruit.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zn plus K increased grain Zn by an average 31.3 relative to foliar Zn alone.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Zn+Ke0
Outcome: grain Zne1
Direction: increasese0
Value: 31.3e0
Comparator: foliar Zn-only treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“average increases following Zn+K (31.3), Zn+P (18.7), and Zn+N (26.5 mg kg-1) treatments relative to that observed in foliar Zn-only treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1400–1542

e1
“magnitude of the increase/decrease in grain Zn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1283–1329

t0
“winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–97

Title

Effects of Zn, macronutrients, and their interactions through foliar applications on winter wheat grain nutritional quality

Shaoxia Wang; Meng Li; Ke Liu; et al. PLoS ONE 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181276

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Foliar Zn alone increased grain Zn concentration by 95.7% across six site-years.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with N increased grain Zn concentration by 101%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with P increased grain Zn concentration by 67.9%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with K increased grain Zn concentration by 121%.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with N for increasing grain Zn at Sanyuan.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with K for increasing grain Zn at Yangling.
Association Foliar Zn interacted negatively with P for increasing grain Zn under all tested conditions.
Observation Interaction effects on grain Zn were much smaller than the average treatment increases.
Intervention effect Zn plus P increased grain Zn by an average 18.7 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Zn plus N increased grain Zn by an average 26.5 mg kg-1 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Combining foliar Zn with N, P or K did not adversely affect grain yield and other nutritional quality.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain yield in some cases.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain macronutrient concentrations in some cases.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 52.0% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus N lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 53.1% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus P lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 43.4% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus K lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 63.5% versus control.
Observation These treatment effects were consistent across four years and three soil N rates.
Recommendation The authors prefer including Zn in foliar N or K applications for dietary Zn intake.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zn plus P increased grain Zn by an average 18.7 relative to foliar Zn alone.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Zn+Pe0
Outcome: grain Zne1
Direction: increasese0
Value: 18.7e0
Comparator: foliar Zn-only treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“average increases following Zn+K (31.3), Zn+P (18.7), and Zn+N (26.5 mg kg-1) treatments relative to that observed in foliar Zn-only treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1400–1542

e1
“magnitude of the increase/decrease in grain Zn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1283–1329

t0
“winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–97

Title

Effects of Zn, macronutrients, and their interactions through foliar applications on winter wheat grain nutritional quality

Shaoxia Wang; Meng Li; Ke Liu; et al. PLoS ONE 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181276

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Foliar Zn alone increased grain Zn concentration by 95.7% across six site-years.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with N increased grain Zn concentration by 101%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with P increased grain Zn concentration by 67.9%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with K increased grain Zn concentration by 121%.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with N for increasing grain Zn at Sanyuan.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with K for increasing grain Zn at Yangling.
Association Foliar Zn interacted negatively with P for increasing grain Zn under all tested conditions.
Observation Interaction effects on grain Zn were much smaller than the average treatment increases.
Intervention effect Zn plus K increased grain Zn by an average 31.3 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Zn plus N increased grain Zn by an average 26.5 mg kg-1 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Combining foliar Zn with N, P or K did not adversely affect grain yield and other nutritional quality.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain yield in some cases.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain macronutrient concentrations in some cases.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 52.0% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus N lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 53.1% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus P lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 43.4% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus K lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 63.5% versus control.
Observation These treatment effects were consistent across four years and three soil N rates.
Recommendation The authors prefer including Zn in foliar N or K applications for dietary Zn intake.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The carbohydrate and enzyme changes were less pronounced in culm tissue than in suspension cultures.

Taxon: Transgenic sugarcane plantst0
Outcome: changes in carbohydrate metabolisme0
Direction: not as pronouncede0
Comparator: suspension culturese0

Verbatim

e0
“the magnitude of the reduction in enzyme activity and the accompanying changes in carbohydrate metabolism were not as pronounced as in the suspension cultures.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 454–613

t0
“Transgenic sugarcane plants”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 58–85

Title

Reduced neutral invertase activity in the culm tissues of transgenic sugarcane plants results in a decrease in respiration and sucrose cycling and an increase in the sucrose to hexose ratio

Debra Rossouw; Jens Kossmann; Frederik C. Botha; et al. Functional Plant Biology 2010. doi:10.1071/fp08210

Other claims from this paper (7)

Association Reduced neutral invertase activity correlated with increased sucrose.
Association Reduced neutral invertase activity correlated with decreased hexose.
Association Sucrose cycling correlated directly with neutral invertase activity.
Association Total respiration rate correlated directly with neutral invertase activity.
Observation Sucrose synthase activity was upregulated in transgenic plants.
Observation Respiration rates of transgenic lines were significantly lower than untransformed controls.
Method / resource The correlations support cell cultures as a model for sugarcane internodes.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

G8 had greater salt-induced increases in MDA and Na than other genotypes.

Taxon: Brassica junceaL. Czern. & Coss.Brassica junceat0
Material: genotype G8e0
Outcome: MDA and Na contente0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: other genotypese0

Verbatim

e0
“the magnitude of increase in MDA and Na content and decrease in SL plant−1, A leaf−1, LAI, P N, gs, Chl content and NR and ATP-S activities in genotype G8 was more than that of other genotypes.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1303–1496

t0
“Brassica junceaL. Czern. & Coss.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 56–88

Title

Morphological and physio-biochemical characterization ofBrassica junceaL. Czern. & Coss. genotypes under salt stress

Manzer H. Siddiqui; Firoz Mohammad; M. Nasir Khan Journal of Plant Interactions 2008. doi:10.1080/17429140802227992

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect NaCl decreased shoot length, leaf area and leaf area index at both stages.
Intervention effect Salt stress accumulated proline and glycinebetaine in all genotypes.
Observation The increases in Pro and GB were greater in G8 than in other genotypes.
Intervention effect Salt stress increased MDA and Na content in all genotypes.
Intervention effect Salt stress decreased chlorophyll, nitrogen and potassium content and K/Na ratio in all genotypes.
Intervention effect Salt stress decreased NR and ATP-S activities in all genotypes.
Observation G8 had greater salt-induced decreases in shoot length, leaf area and LAI than other genotypes.
Observation G8 had greater salt-induced decreases in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll than other genotypes.
Observation G8 had greater salt-induced decreases in NR and ATP-S activities than other genotypes.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zn plus N increased grain Zn by an average 26.5 mg kg-1 relative to foliar Zn alone.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Zn+Ne0
Outcome: grain Zne1
Direction: increasese0
Value: 26.5 mg kg-1e0
Comparator: foliar Zn-only treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“average increases following Zn+K (31.3), Zn+P (18.7), and Zn+N (26.5 mg kg-1) treatments relative to that observed in foliar Zn-only treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1400–1542

e1
“magnitude of the increase/decrease in grain Zn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1283–1329

t0
“winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–97

Title

Effects of Zn, macronutrients, and their interactions through foliar applications on winter wheat grain nutritional quality

Shaoxia Wang; Meng Li; Ke Liu; et al. PLoS ONE 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181276

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Foliar Zn alone increased grain Zn concentration by 95.7% across six site-years.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with N increased grain Zn concentration by 101%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with P increased grain Zn concentration by 67.9%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with K increased grain Zn concentration by 121%.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with N for increasing grain Zn at Sanyuan.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with K for increasing grain Zn at Yangling.
Association Foliar Zn interacted negatively with P for increasing grain Zn under all tested conditions.
Observation Interaction effects on grain Zn were much smaller than the average treatment increases.
Intervention effect Zn plus K increased grain Zn by an average 31.3 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Zn plus P increased grain Zn by an average 18.7 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Combining foliar Zn with N, P or K did not adversely affect grain yield and other nutritional quality.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain yield in some cases.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain macronutrient concentrations in some cases.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 52.0% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus N lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 53.1% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus P lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 43.4% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus K lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 63.5% versus control.
Observation These treatment effects were consistent across four years and three soil N rates.
Recommendation The authors prefer including Zn in foliar N or K applications for dietary Zn intake.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in yield.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: 90-21-3e1
Treatment: natural potassium deficiency fielde1
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: reductione0
Comparator: D937e1

Verbatim

e0
“A small decrease in ear dry weight,the length of no kernels ear increased slightly,the magnitude of yield reduction was small,potassium use efficiency was higher”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1357

t0
“Maize Inbred Lines”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–51

e1
“Typical maize inbred lines tolerant to K+ deficiency(90-21-3) and sensitive to K+ deficiency(D937) as materials,through direct seeding in natural potassium deficiency field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–439

Title

Physiological Characteristics of Maize Inbred Lines Tolerant to Low Potassium from Filling Stage to Maturity

Cao Min‐jian Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 2011

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in root dry weight and average root length.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Root volume,root surface area and the average diameter of root.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in leaf area.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Roots,leaves,ear.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in stem.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Potassium content of leaves and leaf sheaths.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in ear dry weight.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in length of no kernels ear.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in potassium use efficiency.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in potassium use efficiency.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: 90-21-3e1
Treatment: natural potassium deficiency fielde1
Outcome: potassium use efficiencye0
Direction: highere0
Comparator: D937e1

Verbatim

e0
“A small decrease in ear dry weight,the length of no kernels ear increased slightly,the magnitude of yield reduction was small,potassium use efficiency was higher”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1357

t0
“Maize Inbred Lines”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–51

e1
“Typical maize inbred lines tolerant to K+ deficiency(90-21-3) and sensitive to K+ deficiency(D937) as materials,through direct seeding in natural potassium deficiency field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–439

Title

Physiological Characteristics of Maize Inbred Lines Tolerant to Low Potassium from Filling Stage to Maturity

Cao Min‐jian Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 2011

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in root dry weight and average root length.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Root volume,root surface area and the average diameter of root.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in leaf area.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Roots,leaves,ear.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in stem.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Potassium content of leaves and leaf sheaths.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in ear dry weight.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in length of no kernels ear.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in yield.

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“magnitude of decrease”

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