Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sub-surface application of water hyacinth had a higher decomposition rate constant (0.041% week-1) than surface application (0.029% week-1).

Taxon: water hyacinthPontederia crassipese0
Treatment: sub-surface applicatione3
Outcome: rate constantse3
Direction: higherinferrede3
Value: 0.041% week-1e3
Qualifier: 0.029% week-1e3
Comparator: surface applicatione3

Verbatim

e0
“with water hyacinth were carried out”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 298–334

e3
“rate constants of surface and sub-surface application were 0.029% week-1 and 0.041% week-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 840–930

Title

USE OF WATER HYACINTH (Eichornia crassipes) IN AMELIORATION OF A SANDY SOIL

Mubarak A R; Fattoma A M Rezik; S A Afiah Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2008. doi:10.21608/ajs.2008.14640

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar application increased root surface area by 39%.

Treatment: biochar applicatione0
Outcome: surface areae0
Direction: increasede0
Value: 39%e0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Overall, biochar application increased root biomass (+32%), root volume (+29%) and surface area (39%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 437–538

Title

Effects of biochar application on root traits: a meta‐analysis

Yangzhou Xiang; Qi Deng; Honglang Duan; et al. GCB Bioenergy 2017. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12449

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Biochar application increased root biomass by 32%.
Intervention effect Biochar application increased root volume by 29%.
Intervention effect Biochar application increased root length by 52%, much more than root diameter.
Intervention effect Biochar application increased the number of root tips by 17%.
Intervention effect Biochar application increased root diameter by 9.9%, much less than root length and tip number.
Intervention effect Biochar application did not change root N concentration.
Intervention effect Biochar application significantly increased root P concentration by 22%, particularly when combined with N fertilization.
Intervention effect Biochar application significantly increased the number of root nodules by 25%.
Association Responses of root traits to biochar were generally greater in annual plants than in perennial plants.
Association Responses of root traits to biochar were affected by soil texture and pH values.
Association The biochar production process (pyrolysis temperature and time) appears to play a more important role in regulating root growth than biochar source.
Mechanism The pattern of root increases suggests biochar benefits root morphological development to alleviate plant nutrient and water deficiency rather than to maximize biomass accumulation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Application surface did not significantly affect translocation.

Taxon: red mapleAcer rubrumt0
Treatment: application surfacee0
Outcome: translocatione0
Direction: did not significantly affecte0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“application surface did not significantly affect translocation.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 719–782

t0
“red maple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 131–140

Title

Effect of plant moisture stress and application surface on uptake and translocation of triclopyr with organosilicone surfactant in red maple seedlings

J.J. Bollig; J.R. Seiler; S.M. Zedaker; et al. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1995. doi:10.1139/x95-047

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Stressed seedlings had lower xylem water potential.
Observation Stressed seedlings had lower leaf conductance.
Intervention effect At two hours rainfastness was 13% lower in stressed seedlings.
Association Uptake increased over time.
Intervention effect Moisture stress no longer affected uptake by 72 hours.
Intervention effect Abaxial absorption was 57% greater than adaxial absorption.
Intervention effect Moisture stress reduced herbicide translocation to shoots and roots.
Mechanism Surfactants may enhance long term uptake in water stressed seedlings.
Mechanism Surfactants do not appear to facilitate translocation in stressed seedlings.
Recommendation Plant moisture status should guide herbicide application scheduling.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Surface phosphorus application minimally influenced response parameters.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: surface P applicatione0
Outcome: Response parameterse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Response parameters were minimally influenced by the surface P application”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 712–786

t0
“corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 18–22

Title

Response of early corn growth to fertilizer phosphorus rates and placement methods

K. H. El‐Hamdi; H. J. Woodard Journal of Plant Nutrition 1995. doi:10.1080/01904169509364966

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Fertilizer phosphorus increased corn shoot dry matter weight across placement methods.
Intervention effect Fertilizer phosphorus increased nitrogen and phosphorus uptake across placement methods.
Intervention effect Banded and injection placement produced greater growth parameters.
Observation Some surface-applied phosphorus leached through desiccation cracks after daily watering.
Intervention effect Surface phosphorus placement had higher shoot dry matter production efficiency.
Intervention effect Surface phosphorus placement had a higher shoot nitrogen to phosphorus ratio.
Intervention effect Unfertilized phosphorus treatments had higher shoot dry matter production efficiency.
Intervention effect Unfertilized phosphorus treatments had a higher shoot nitrogen to phosphorus ratio.
Association Corn growth response to fertilizer phosphorus rates was less effective in soils with higher initial soil test phosphorus.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Surface fertilizer application increased shoot dry matter.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment: surface applicatione0
Outcome: shoot dry matter productione0
Direction: greatere0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“surface application stimulated greater shoot dry matter production”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1428–1494

t0
“Soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–45

Title

Root Architecture and Early Growth of Soybean as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilizer Placement

Camila Moreira Gomes; Laura Antônia Lange Obregon Bertolli; Lara Oliveira Prestes Lourenço; et al. Caderno Pedagógico 2025. doi:10.54033/cadpedv22n11-326

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Furrow applied fertilizer favored soybean root deepening.
Intervention effect Furrow applied fertilizer increased leaf number.
Intervention effect Soil incorporated fertilizer increased lateral root formation.
Intervention effect No fertilizer produced the highest total root biomass.
Association Water availability strongly influenced fertilizer placement effects.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Long-term lower-surface auxin application produced hyponasty.

Treatment: lower surface applicatione0
Outcome: hyponastye0

Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“lower surface application in hyponasty, although the initial response in each case is a hyponastic curvature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 792–900

Title

Growth and Gravitational Response in the Development of Leaf Blade Hyponasty

Alice B. Hayes; James A. Lippincott American Journal of Botany 1976. doi:10.2307/2441904

Other claims from this paper (10)

Mechanism Auxin-induced hyponasty depends on increased growth of the lower leaf blade.
Mechanism Laminar and vein growth both contribute to curvature.
Mechanism Simple turgor changes do not account for curvature.
Intervention effect Inversion and horizontal rotation reduce auxin-induced curvature.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid had no hyponastic effect when applied to either leaf surface.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid inhibited auxin-induced hyponasty.
Observation Inhibition by the ethylene-generating compound was additive to inversion.
Intervention effect Long-term upper-surface auxin application produced epinasty.
Observation Initial response to auxin on either surface was hyponastic curvature.
Mechanism Authors postulate dorsiventral auxin transport and differential sensitivity as explanations.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of ZnSO4 increased root biomass and root surface area of tomato.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: Soil applicatione2
Outcome: root biomass and root surface areae2
Direction: increasede2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Drought Tomato”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–48

e2
“Soil application increased root biomass and root surface area”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 914–975

Title

The Roots and Leaves Character of Drought Tomato on Application of ZnSO4

Amalia T Sakya; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Didik Indradewa; et al. Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 2017. doi:10.15608/stjssa.v13i2.542

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Long term lower leaf surface auxin application caused hyponasty.

Taxon: Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
Treatment: lower surface applicatione0
Outcome: hyponastye0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Application to the upper surface results in epinasty, lower surface application in hyponasty, although the initial response in each case is a hyponastic curvature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 738–901

e1
“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 51–87

Title

GROWTH AND GRAVITATIONAL RESPONSE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEAF BLADE HYPONASTY

Alice B. Hayes; James A. Lippincott American Journal of Botany 1976. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1976.tb11825.x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Mechanism Rapid auxin induced hyponasty depends on increased lower blade growth.
Mechanism Curvature involves laminar and vein growth.
Mechanism Curvature was not attributed to simple turgor changes.
Intervention effect Inversion reduced auxin induced curvature.
Intervention effect Horizontal rotation reduced auxin induced curvature.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to the upper surface had no hyponastic effect.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to the lower surface had no hyponastic effect.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid inhibited auxin induced hyponasty.
Association The inhibition by ethylene generating compound was additive to inversion inhibition.
Intervention effect Long term upper leaf surface auxin application caused epinasty.
Observation Both application surfaces initially induced hyponastic curvature.
Mechanism Differential auxin transport and sensitivity were proposed to explain the responses.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deep placement was better than surface application for residual soil nitrogen.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Deep placemente0
Outcome: residual nitrogen, content in soile0
Direction: bettere0
Comparator: surface applicatione0

Verbatim

e0
“Deep placement was better than surface application on the residual nitrogen, content in soil”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1089–1181

t0
“RICE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–56

Title

EFFECTS OF APPLICATION METHOD AND NITROGEN FORMS ON RICE YIELD

M. Abou Seeda,; H. EI-Aila; A. Taalab Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering /Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 2003. doi:10.21608/jssae.2003.244612

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Organic matter reduced ammonia volatilization.
Intervention effect Subsurface placement reduced nitrogen loss more than surface placement.
Intervention effect Organic matter increased grain yield under surface and subsurface conditions.
Observation Equal inorganic and organic nitrogen rates produced maximum yield.
Intervention effect Organic matter increased nitrogen content in rice grain relative to urea alone.
Association Increasing the organic matter to urea ratio increased grain nitrogen content.
Intervention effect Deep placement of urea and organic matter increased grain and straw phosphorus content relative to surface application.
Intervention effect Deep placement of urea and organic matter increased grain and straw potassium content relative to surface application.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen use efficiency was highest with surface application, at 103%.

Taxon: spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: surface applicatione0
Outcome: NUEe0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 103%e0

Verbatim

t0
“spring wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–42

e0
“NUE was highest in surface application (103%) and lowest in subsurface (84%).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1148

Title

Managing reactive nitrogen in spring wheat cropping systems: insights from Kabul, Afghanistan

Safi, Zikrullah; Rees, Robert; Drewer, Julia; et al. Universitätsbibliothek Kassel 2025. doi:10.17170/kobra-2026010711764

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Subsurface application reduced ammonia emissions relative to surface application and control plots.
Intervention effect Ammonium-N losses were lower under subsurface than surface application.
Observation Nitrogen use efficiency was lowest with subsurface application, at 84%.
Intervention effect Partial factor productivity was higher with 25% less nitrogen than with 25% excess and conventional practice.

“surface application”

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