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“decrease in A”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 58% population decrease caused only a 12% soybean yield decrease.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe1
Treatment: 58% population decreasee0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 12%e0
Comparator: 164 000 plants ha −le0

Verbatim

e0
“A 58% population decrease from 164 000 plants ha −l resulted in a yield decrease of only 12%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 880–972

e1
“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–33

Title

Branch Yield Components Controlling Soybean Yield Stability across Plant Populations

A. C. Carpenter; J. E. Board Crop Science 1997. doi:10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700030031x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect A 43% population increase produced no significant soybean yield change.
Observation Branch dry matter averaged 14.0 g per plant at low population.
Observation Branch dry matter averaged 5.3 g per plant at medium population.
Observation Branch dry matter averaged 3.6 g per plant at high population.
Association Greater branch dry matter yielded more branch nodes, reproductive nodes and pods.
Association Pods per reproductive branch node affected yield in some cases.
Association Branch dry matter correlated strongly with yield at r squared 0.95.
Method / resource Branch dry matter was useful for identifying cultivars with low optimal population.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Raspberry output had a considerable decrease in 1991.

Taxon: raspberrye2
Outcome: raspberry outpute2
Direction: considerable decreasee2
Qualifier: over 1991e2

Verbatim

e2
“over 1991, the raspberry output met through a considerable decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 453–520

Title

Berry crop production in Central Serbia from 1971 to 1994

Svetislav M. Petrović; Predrag Lučić; Tomo Milošević Ekonomika poljoprivrede 1996

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Raspberry output was very high within 1971 to 1990.
Observation Raspberry made Serbia one of the leading producers and exporters worldwide.
Observation Raspberry output was kept on the same scale in 1992 and 1993 as in 1991.
Observation Raspberry output rose in 1994 and 1995.
Observation Strawberry output has been declining.
Observation Blackberry production was quite steady at the beginning of the period.
Observation Blackberry production decreased over the last years.
Observation Output of other berry crops seems to be beyond reality.
Recommendation Measures are proposed for improving and rising up of berry crops production in Central Serbia.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in clover mass coincided with a decrease in total herbage mass.

Taxon: orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)Trifolium repensDactylis glomeratae1
Treatment: total herbage masse6
Outcome: clover masse6
Direction: decreasee6

Verbatim

e1
“an orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) sward was investigated over 3 yr”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 106–219

e6
“The decrease in clover mass over the course of the experiment coincided with a decrease in total herbage mass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1561–1670

Title

Influence of Autumn Management on Orchardgrass–White Clover Swards

David P. Belesky; James M. Fedders Agronomy Journal 1995. doi:10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700060025x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Grazing removal after 30 days (early closed) gave greater senescence over winter than late closure.
Intervention effect Autumn management did not affect herbage mass in spring.
Intervention effect Late-closed paddocks had significantly more clover than early-closed paddocks in spring.
Intervention effect White clover plants in late-closed paddocks had about twice as many growing points.
Intervention effect Stolon mass was greater in late-closed paddocks.
Intervention effect Total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations were lower during autumn in late-closed paddocks.
Mechanism A balance between growing points and carbohydrates may be involved in clover presence in mixed swards.

Observationauthor interpretationreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Pesticide use in cotton can decrease production.

Taxon: cottonseedt0
Outcome: production decreasee0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“in some cases there is a production decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 603–647

t0
“cottonseed”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–32

Title

Used of pesticides in cottonseed cultivars. Present trends.

M. J. Martínez; M. Crespi Grasas y Aceites 1997. doi:10.3989/gya.1997.v48.i3.785

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Organophosphorous pesticides and carbamates have broader activity and lower environmental persistence.
Recommendation The authors recommend diminishing pesticide use in cotton.
Recommendation The authors recommend stricter EU pesticide tolerances for cotton.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Further delay caused a much smaller Royal Gala weight decrease.

Treatment: further delaye0
Outcome: weighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“with a much smaller decrease in weight with further delay”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 572–629

Title

Crop loading studies with ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Braeburn’ apples: Effect of time and level of hand thinning

S. McArtney; J. W. Palmer; H. M. Adams New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 1996. doi:10.1080/01140671.1996.9513977

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Early thinning produced larger fruit at harvest in three experiments.
Association Fruit number per tree significantly influenced mean fruit weight in one experiment.
Intervention effect Delaying Royal Gala thinning by 3–4 weeks reduced harvest mean fruit weight by 16% versus full bloom thinning.
Intervention effect Braeburn had its greatest fruit size loss when thinning was delayed to 8 WAFB.
Intervention effect Royal Gala leaf area per tree decreased 17% after thinning at 4 or 8 WAFB versus full bloom.
Intervention effect Later Braeburn thinning reduced leaf area per tree by 6% per four week delay.
Intervention effect Removing Braeburn fruit at full bloom reduced spur leaf size the following year versus later removal.
Intervention effect Removing Braeburn fruit at full bloom reduced king flower receptacle diameter and dry weight the following year.
Intervention effect Removing Braeburn fruit at full bloom reduced bourse shoot length the following year.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Further raising CO2 from 2600 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 produced a smaller further decrease in those yield traits.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: 10000 micromoles mol-1e0
Outcome: decreasee0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: 2600e0

Verbatim

e0
“Further elevation of [CO2] from 2600 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 caused a further but smaller decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1079–1179

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–72

Title

Very High CO2Reduces Photosynthesis, Dark Respiration and Yield in Wheat

J REUVENI Annals of Botany 1997. doi:10.1006/anbo.1997.0489

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raising CO2 from 350 to 1000 micromoles mol-1 increased wheat seed yield by 33%.
Intervention effect Raising CO2 from 350 to 1000 micromoles mol-1 increased vegetative biomass by 25%.
Intervention effect Raising CO2 from 350 to 1000 micromoles mol-1 increased heads per square meter by 34%.
Intervention effect Increasing CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 decreased seed yield by 37%.
Intervention effect Increasing CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 decreased harvest index by 14%.
Intervention effect Increasing CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 decreased mass per seed by 9%.
Intervention effect Increasing CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 decreased seeds per head by 29%.
Intervention effect Very high CO2 had negligible, nonsignificant effects on vegetative biomass, heads per square meter, and seed mass per head.
Intervention effect Seed yield, harvest index and seeds per head sharply decreased between 1000 and 2600 micromoles mol-1 CO2.
Observation The two wheat cultivars responded similarly to CO2 across growth parameters.
Observation Wheat grown in the two cultivation environments did not differ in response to high CO2.
Association High CO2 was not correlated with ethylene production by wheat flag leaves or heads.
Intervention effect Whole-plant photosynthetic rate was 8% lower at 2600 micromoles mol-1 CO2 than at ambient CO2.
Intervention effect Wheat head dark respiration was 25% lower at 2600 micromoles mol-1 CO2 than at ambient CO2.
Mechanism The authors attribute reduced seed set mainly to reduced dark respiration in wheat heads.
Mechanism The authors conclude that ethylene does not mediate reduced wheat seed set.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesimulated

Claim · model-written summary

The UKMO scenario was unfavourable and showed a considerable yield decrease.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: UKMO scenarioe0

Verbatim

e0
“the UKMO scenario is not favorable, showing a considerable yield decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 836–909

e1
“rice, maize and wheat production in Japan”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–124

Title

The Impacts of Climatic Warming on Cereal Crop Production in Japan.

Hiroshi SEINO Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 1995. doi:10.2480/agrmet.51.131

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Higher temperature decreased simulated cereal yields in many regions under current management.
Intervention effect Higher temperature shortened simulated cereal growing seasons in many regions.
Intervention effect Direct CO2 benefits may compensate for yield losses in central and northern Japan.
Intervention effect Direct CO2 benefits did not compensate for yield losses in Kyushu.
Association Simulated crop-yield changes varied greatly among GCM scenarios.
Observation The GISS scenario was generally favourable for Japanese crop production.
Observation Wheat production was vulnerable under every GCM climate-change scenario.
Intervention effect Earlier planting raised simulated yields under climate change in most cases.
Intervention effect Earlier planting did not improve simulated yields in Kyushu because of high temperature stress.
Recommendation Early planting and irrigation were proposed as adaptation strategies.
Recommendation New cultivars better adapted to climate change would be required in Kyushu.

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 10 g kg −1 NDF decrease.

Taxon: Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
Outcome: NDFe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 10 g kg −1e0
Qualifier: 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADLe0
Comparator: ADLe0

Verbatim

e0
“a 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADL caused a 14 g kg −1 increase in IVDMD and a decrease of 10 g kg −1 NDF and 9 g kg −1 ADF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1583–1699

t0
“Smooth Bromegrass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–60

Title

Divergent Phenotypic Selection Response in Smooth Bromegrass for Forage Yield and Nutritive Value

J. A. Carpenter; M. D. Casler Crop Science 1990. doi:10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183x003000010004x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Selected synthetics differed significantly in digestibility, crude protein and cell wall components other than ash.
Observation Few genotype by environment interactions occurred for nutritive value traits.
Intervention effect Direct divergent selection responses were significant for IVDMD, NDF and ADF.
Observation Selection divergence was asymmetric, with more progress toward higher nutritive value.
Observation The ADL synthetic had the largest relative gain from selection.
Association A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 14 g kg −1 IVDMD increase.
Association A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 9 g kg −1 ADF decrease.
Method / resource Acid detergent lignin content predicted IVDMD better than direct selection for IVDMD.

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 9 g kg −1 ADF decrease.

Taxon: Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
Outcome: ADFe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 9 g kg −1e0
Qualifier: 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADLe0
Comparator: ADLe0

Verbatim

e0
“a 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADL caused a 14 g kg −1 increase in IVDMD and a decrease of 10 g kg −1 NDF and 9 g kg −1 ADF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1583–1699

t0
“Smooth Bromegrass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–60

Title

Divergent Phenotypic Selection Response in Smooth Bromegrass for Forage Yield and Nutritive Value

J. A. Carpenter; M. D. Casler Crop Science 1990. doi:10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183x003000010004x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Selected synthetics differed significantly in digestibility, crude protein and cell wall components other than ash.
Observation Few genotype by environment interactions occurred for nutritive value traits.
Intervention effect Direct divergent selection responses were significant for IVDMD, NDF and ADF.
Observation Selection divergence was asymmetric, with more progress toward higher nutritive value.
Observation The ADL synthetic had the largest relative gain from selection.
Association A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 14 g kg −1 IVDMD increase.
Association A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 10 g kg −1 NDF decrease.
Method / resource Acid detergent lignin content predicted IVDMD better than direct selection for IVDMD.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing preemergence fluometuron from banded to broadcast coverage produced a further decrease in weed biomass.

Taxon: Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: preemergence fluometuron was increased from banded to broadcast coveragee1
Outcome: A further decreasee1
Direction: decreasee1
Comparator: bandede1

Verbatim

t0
“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–27

e1
“A further decrease was observed when preemergence fluometuron was increased from banded to broadcast coverage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 577–686

Title

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Yield Response to Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control Systems

Charles E. Snipes; Thomas C. Mueller Weed Science 1992. doi:10.1017/s0043174500057301

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect A banded preemergence fluometuron application reduced weed biomass by 28 to 47%.
Intervention effect Postdirected herbicide application or cultivation had little effect on weed density.
Intervention effect Seed cotton yields were low with no preemergence fluometuron.
Intervention effect Banded fluometuron with at least one cultivation gave yields similar to broadcast fluometuron alone.
Association Cotton yields were related to weed density and weed biomass in a hyperbolic relationship.
Association Low weed densities caused more yield loss per unit weed density than higher densities.
Association Weed densities, primarily prickly sida, morningglories and hemp sesbania, varied widely among years and were directly related to early season rainfall.

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“decrease in A”

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