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“decrease of soybean injury”

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Organism names are matched through NCBI Taxonomy: “soybean” → Glycine max. Claims whose organism was placed there count as matches whatever the abstract calls it (maize, corn, Zea mays).

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Low-temperature seed-yield loss arose mainly from reduced pod number or setting and fertile-seed percentage.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxt0
Organ / stage: pode0
Outcome: seed yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“The major sources of decrease in seed yield were the decrease in the pod number, or pod setting rate, and the fertile seed percentage, but the statistical difference among fertilizers was only obtained in the pod number, or the pod setting rate.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1148–1393

t0
“soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–114

Title

Studies on Cool Injury in Bean Plants : IV. Effects of nitrogenous fertilizers on the growth and yield of soybeans as subjected to low temperature from early to mid-reproductive stage

Koji HASHIMOTO; Tadashi YAMAMOTO Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1973. doi:10.1626/jcs.42.475

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation Fertilizers differed statistically in pod number or setting rate.
Intervention effect Cold injury was least with farmyard manure and greatest with CDU.
Intervention effect Farmyard manure produced the highest total seed weight across cool treatments and control.
Intervention effect The four other slowly available nitrogen fertilizers exceeded high and standard ammonium sulfate for seed weight.
Intervention effect Leaf and stem weights at maturity were highest with farmyard manure.
Observation Nonnodulating soybean responded strongly to nitrogen fertilization in growth and yield, with a response trend contrasting with the nodulating line.
Intervention effect Slowly available nitrogen treatments produced about 30% less dry matter than high ammonium sulfate in the nonnodulating line.
Observation High manure nitrogen did not significantly depress fixation during development in nodulated soybean.
Intervention effect Farmyard manure again gave stable, high seed weight over three cool-exposure stages and control.
Intervention effect The 80% CDU and 20% ammonium sulfate mixture, with or without humate or oat straw, had seed yield as high as manure and above ammonium sulfate treatments.
Intervention effect Adding humate or oat straw increased 100-seed weight.
Intervention effect Adding humate or oat straw did not increase total seed weight.
Intervention effect Humate or oat straw depressed vegetative growth and tended to decrease flower number.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen application from before cold exposure through five days after it reduced fertile grain number, especially with early application.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxt0
Treatment: N supply from before the low temperature treatment, till five days after the end of the treatmente0
Outcome: grain numbere0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: N free plote1

Verbatim

e0
“N supply from before the low temperature treatment, till five days after the end of the treatment, resulted in a decrease in grain number, particularly, before the period of treatment and during the earlier period of N application, caused the greater decrease.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2083–2343

e1
“N free plot”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1046–1057

t0
“soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–114

Title

Studies on the Cool Injury in Bean Plants : II. Effects of time and period of nitrogen application on the soybeans treated with low temperature before flowering

Koji HASHIMOTO; Tadashi YAMAMOTO Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1970. doi:10.1626/jcs.39.164

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Nitrogen supply and temperature interacted significantly for pod set, ovule fertility and ovules per pod.
Intervention effect Nitrogen improved grain yield at normal temperature relative to no nitrogen.
Intervention effect Nitrogen at low temperature tended to reduce pod setting rate.
Intervention effect Nitrogen at low temperature tended to reduce ovule fertility.
Association Pod setting under low temperature was closely related to nitrogen application timing.
Intervention effect Nitrogen before or during the first five low temperature days significantly reduced pod setting relative to no nitrogen.
Observation Later nitrogen application caused less pod setting damage.
Intervention effect Pod setting did not differ between 100 ppm and 40 ppm nitrogen.
Intervention effect Nitrogen application reduced ovule fertility under low temperature.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 6 g phosphate, chilling reduced pod number and flower pod-setting rate on soybean branches.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxt0
Treatment: low temperature treatmentse0
Outcome: pod number and pod setting ratee0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: 6 g applicatione0

Verbatim

e0
“At the 6 g application, the decrease in seed yield caused by the low temperature treatments was mainly due to the decrease in pod number and pod setting rate of the flowers on branches.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1069–1254

t0
“soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 123–131

Title

Studies on Cool Injury in Bean Plants : V. Effects of rates and sources of phosphate fertilizer on the growth and yield of soybeans as subjected to low temperature from early to mid-reproductive stage

Koji HASHIMOTO; Tadashi YAMAMOTO Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1974. doi:10.1626/jcs.43.40

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Soybean seed yield rose with phosphate rate in all three growing conditions.
Intervention effect Low temperature caused the greatest soybean seed yield reduction at 6 g phosphate application.
Intervention effect Fused phosphate and superphosphate gave no significant soybean seed yield difference at equal rates.
Intervention effect Superphosphate improved early soybean vegetative growth and flower number relative to fused phosphate.
Intervention effect Fused phosphate increased soybean 100-seed weight relative to superphosphate.
Intervention effect At 15°C, soybean leaf and stem phosphorus was lower without phosphate, unchanged at 6 g, and higher at 18 g than controls.
Intervention effect The highest phosphate rate gave the best soybean growth during chilling and recovery afterward.
Association Soybean seed weight and stem weight were strongly positively related, with pooled correlation 0.962.
Association Soybean pod number and branch node number were strongly positively related, with pooled correlation 0.966.
Recommendation High phosphate application was recommended to reduce poor-growth injury of soybeans on volcanic ash soils.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A typical ozone dose decreased soybean seed weight by 20% relative to the control dose.

Treatment: a dose of O 3 typical for soybean production arease0
Outcome: seed weighte0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 20%e0
Comparator: a control dose of 0.025 ppm O 3e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“a dose of O 3 typical for soybean production areas (seasonal 7—h day −1 mean of 0.055 ppm v/v) caused a seed weight decrease of 20% compared to a control dose of 0.025 ppm O 3”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 501–676

Title

Effects of Chronic Doses of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Injury and Yield of Soybeans in Open‐Top Field Chambers¹

Allen S. Heagle; Walter W. Heck; John O. Rawlings; et al. Crop Science 1983. doi:10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183x002300060037x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Regional sulfur dioxide levels caused no soybean injury or yield effect.
Intervention effect At high concentrations, combined pollutants had less effect than the sum of their separate effects.
Observation The dose response relationships were similar across two soil types.
Intervention effect Neither pollutant changed the dose response relationship of the other except at high concentrations.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen before or during the first five low temperature days significantly reduced pod setting relative to no nitrogen.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxt0
Treatment: N application before or during the first five dayse0
Outcome: pod setting ratee1
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: N free conditione0

Verbatim

e0
“N application before or during the first five days in the low temperature treatment caused a signiftcant decrease in comparison to the N free condition”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1329–1480

e1
“The pod setting rate of the plants treated with low temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1216–1279

t0
“soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–114

Title

Studies on the Cool Injury in Bean Plants : II. Effects of time and period of nitrogen application on the soybeans treated with low temperature before flowering

Koji HASHIMOTO; Tadashi YAMAMOTO Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1970. doi:10.1626/jcs.39.164

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Nitrogen supply and temperature interacted significantly for pod set, ovule fertility and ovules per pod.
Intervention effect Nitrogen improved grain yield at normal temperature relative to no nitrogen.
Intervention effect Nitrogen at low temperature tended to reduce pod setting rate.
Intervention effect Nitrogen at low temperature tended to reduce ovule fertility.
Association Pod setting under low temperature was closely related to nitrogen application timing.
Observation Later nitrogen application caused less pod setting damage.
Intervention effect Pod setting did not differ between 100 ppm and 40 ppm nitrogen.
Intervention effect Nitrogen application reduced ovule fertility under low temperature.
Intervention effect Nitrogen application from before cold exposure through five days after it reduced fertile grain number, especially with early application.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean yield declined with increasing dicamba rate according to an exponential response equation.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: increasing rates of dicambae0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Comparator: rate = 0 g ha −1e1

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean yield in response to increasing rates of dicamba was described by equations of the form y = Aexp ( − bx )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 495–608

t0
“Soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 18–25

e1
“Soybean yield in response to increasing rates of dicamba was described by equations of the form y = Aexp ( − bx ), where y = yield, A = maximum yield (rate = 0 g ha −1 ), b is a constant, and x = rate of dicamba applied.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 495–715

Title

Dicamba Injury to Soybean

J. D. Weidenhamer; G. B. Triplett; F. E. Sobotka Agronomy Journal 1989. doi:10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100040017x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Association Height reduction was useful for assessing soybean yield reduction.
Association Seed number per hectare was useful for assessing soybean yield reduction.
Association Morphological symptoms were useful for assessing soybean yield reduction.
Association Except for Elf treated at midbloom, yield was not reduced without height reduction.
Intervention effect Soybean seed number per hectare decreased as dicamba rate increased.
Association Seed number per hectare was closely correlated with soybean yield.
Association Severe morphological injury symptoms indicated soybean yield reductions greater than 10%.
Intervention effect Terminal leaf crinkling and cupping occurred at dicamba rates below those causing yield reductions.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

A dicamba rate of 98 g a.i. per ha at the V6 stage caused significant soybean yield loss.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage: V6 growth stagee2
Treatment: dicamba rate of 98 g.ai ha -1e2
Outcome: yield losse2
Direction: decreaseinferrede2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“dicamba-susceptible soybeans during different growth stages”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 840–899

e2
“significant yield loss occurred during the V6 growth stage at a dicamba rate of 98 g.ai ha -1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1552–1645

Title

Evaluation of Dicamba Drift Injury and Yield Loss on Soybean Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) and Multispectral Imaging Technologies

Kelvin Betitame; Cengiz Koparan; Yu Zhang; et al. Journal of Natural Resources and Agricultural Ecosystems 2024. doi:10.13031/jnrae.15686

Other claims from this paper (2)

Observation Visible soybean injuries were observed at minimal dicamba rates.
Method / resource sUAS multispectral NDVI showed a moderate relationship with soybean yield (R 2 = 0.46).

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Imazethapyr applied PRE in soybean did not reduce oilseed radish stand density or biomass.

Taxon: oilseed radishe0
Treatment: imazethapyr applied PREe2
Outcome: stand density and biomasse4
Direction: no_changeinferrede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“effect of residual herbicides on oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) establishment and growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 263–357

e2
“imazethapyr applied PRE caused 43 and 48% oilseed radish injury at 14 and 28 DAE, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 815–909

e4
“There was no decrease in oilseed radish stand density and biomass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 911–976

Title

Effect of soybean and winter wheat herbicides on oilseed radish establishment and growth

Taïga B Cholette; Nader Soltani; David C. Hooker; et al. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 2017. doi:10.1139/cjps-2017-0023

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Residual herbicides used for broadleaf weed control in winter wheat caused less than 5% oilseed radish injury.
Intervention effect Residual herbicides used for broadleaf weed control in winter wheat did not reduce oilseed radish stand density or biomass.
Intervention effect Imazethapyr applied PRE in soybean caused 43% and 48% oilseed radish injury at 14 and 28 DAE.
Intervention effect Imazethapyr applied POST in soybean caused 47% and 59% oilseed radish injury at 14 and 28 DAE.
Intervention effect Imazethapyr applied POST in soybean decreased oilseed radish biomass by 65%.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adding humate or oat straw increased 100-seed weight.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxt0
Treatment: addition of humate, and or oat strawe0
Outcome: 100-seed weighte0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Despite the increase in the 100-seed weight, the addition of humate, and or oat straw indicated no increase in the seed weight because of the depression of vegetative growth and the tendency of decrease in the flower number.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3435–3659

t0
“soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–114

Title

Studies on Cool Injury in Bean Plants : IV. Effects of nitrogenous fertilizers on the growth and yield of soybeans as subjected to low temperature from early to mid-reproductive stage

Koji HASHIMOTO; Tadashi YAMAMOTO Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1973. doi:10.1626/jcs.42.475

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation Low-temperature seed-yield loss arose mainly from reduced pod number or setting and fertile-seed percentage.
Observation Fertilizers differed statistically in pod number or setting rate.
Intervention effect Cold injury was least with farmyard manure and greatest with CDU.
Intervention effect Farmyard manure produced the highest total seed weight across cool treatments and control.
Intervention effect The four other slowly available nitrogen fertilizers exceeded high and standard ammonium sulfate for seed weight.
Intervention effect Leaf and stem weights at maturity were highest with farmyard manure.
Observation Nonnodulating soybean responded strongly to nitrogen fertilization in growth and yield, with a response trend contrasting with the nodulating line.
Intervention effect Slowly available nitrogen treatments produced about 30% less dry matter than high ammonium sulfate in the nonnodulating line.
Observation High manure nitrogen did not significantly depress fixation during development in nodulated soybean.
Intervention effect Farmyard manure again gave stable, high seed weight over three cool-exposure stages and control.
Intervention effect The 80% CDU and 20% ammonium sulfate mixture, with or without humate or oat straw, had seed yield as high as manure and above ammonium sulfate treatments.
Intervention effect Adding humate or oat straw did not increase total seed weight.
Intervention effect Humate or oat straw depressed vegetative growth and tended to decrease flower number.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

K-polyphosphate mix foliar spraying reduced soybean yield by 10.9% on average over two sites.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxe0
Treatment: Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/hae1
Outcome: yielde1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 10.9%e1
Qualifier: average (two sites)e1
Setting: Coastal Plain region of Georgiae7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 71–116

e1
“Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/ha resulted in an average (two sites) yield decrease of 10.9% for the K‐polyphosphate mix and 17.6% for the NH 4 ‐polyphosphate mix”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1004–1215

e7
“Field experiments were conducted on a Tifton sl (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudult) and on a Norfolk sl (siliceous, thermic, Typic Paleudult) in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 433–630

Title

Foliage Injury, Nutrient Intake, and Yield of Soybeans as Influenced by Foliar Fertilization¹

M. B. Parker; F. C. Boswell Agronomy Journal 1980. doi:10.2134/agronj1980.00021962007200010022x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect NH4-polyphosphate mix foliar spraying reduced soybean yield by 17.6% on average over two sites.
Intervention effect All foliar spray treatments damaged soybean foliage, most with repeated application.
Intervention effect Spray treatments did not affect soybean pod, whole-plant or seed weight, or seed quality.
Observation Absorption of applied nutrients into soybean leaf tissue and translocation to reproductive tissue were detected only in a few instances.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying increased nitrogen levels in soybean seeds only.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying increased phosphorus levels in soybean leaves only.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying did not change potassium levels in soybean.
Recommendation Foliar N, P, K and S fertilization of soybean does not appear practicable for increasing yields under the study conditions.

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“decrease of soybean injury”

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