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“magnitude of decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diatomite reduced cadmium accumulation in sweet clover and medic by 1.8-2.5 fold.

Taxon: sweet clover and medice0
Treatment: diatomitee0
Outcome: cadmiume0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 1.8-2.5 folde0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The use of diatomite in models of soils contaminated by high-density metals contributed to the decrease of accumulation in plants of sweet clover and medic of lead by 1.1-1.3 order of magnitude, of zinc 2.5-2.8 fold, and of cadmium 1.8-2.5 fold.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–839

Title

The role of diatomite in the cultivation of legume grasses in modified black soil models

A O Oznobihina IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 2020. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/962/4/042024

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Diatomite reduced lead accumulation in sweet clover and medic by 1.1-1.3 order of magnitude.
Intervention effect Diatomite reduced zinc accumulation in sweet clover and medic by 2.5-2.8 fold.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Emergence percentage fell as sowing depth increased, more strongly for smaller seeded grasses.

Taxon: all speciese0
Treatment: increased sowing depthe0
Outcome: emergence percentagee0
Direction: decreasede0
Qualifier: ·greater with smaller seeded grassese0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“For all species, emergence percentage decreased with increased sowing depth but the magnitude of this decrease was ·greater with smaller seeded grasses.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1060

Title

Effects of sowing depth and additional nitrogen on emergence and establishment of a range of New Zealand pasture grasses

D. R. Porter; R.J. Lucas; M. Andrews 1993

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Additional nitrogen did not affect grass emergence or establishment percentages.
Association Grass emergence percentage correlated positively with mean seed weight at all depths.
Intervention effect Survival of emerged plants over winter generally rose with sowing depth.
Association Grass establishment percentage was positively correlated with mean seed weight across depths.
Intervention effect Establishment percentage generally fell as sowing depth increased.
Observation Species and depth effects on emergence at 10 and 30 mm were similar under controlled and field conditions.
Intervention effect Nitrate did not affect emergence at 10 mm depth.
Intervention effect Nitrate decreased emergence percentage by 15% at 30 mm depth.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The smallest rooting volume had lower overall matric potential than the largest volume.

Taxon: tomato plants ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Red Dwarf)Solanum lycopersicume0
Outcome: Ψ mse1
Direction: lowere1
Value: ‐30 kPae1
Qualifier: compared with‐12 kPae1
Comparator: largest RVe1

Verbatim

e0
“tomato plants ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Red Dwarf)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 109–166

e1
“The root environment in the smallest RV had a 2‐fold decrease in Ψ ms to ‐14 kPa, a greater rate of decrease in Ψ ms and a lower overall Ψ ms magnitude of‐30 kPa (compared with‐12 kPa in the largest RV).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 321–524

Title

Variations in water availability and temperature in the root environment during root volume restriction studies

M. B. Hurley; J. S. Rowarth; M. C. T. Trought; et al. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 1998. doi:10.1080/01140671.1998.9514049

Other claims from this paper (7)

Association Media matric potential and temperature varied inversely with rooting volume.
Observation The smallest rooting volume showed a twofold fall in root-zone matric potential to −14 kPa.
Association The smallest volume had a greater rate of matric-potential decrease.
Observation The root environment had large daily temperature fluctuations of 12°C.
Association The smallest volume was 3°C warmer than the largest volume.
Intervention effect Modified hydroponics with frequent watering eliminated matric-potential differences among rooting volumes.
Intervention effect Modified hydroponics with frequent watering reduced media temperature differences among rooting volumes.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FYM reduced root Cd content by 17.91 percent.

Taxon: spinach beett0
Organ / stage: roote0
Treatment: FYM @ 20 t ha-1e0
Outcome: Cd contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 17.91 percente0
Comparator: F0e0

Verbatim

e0
“However, significantly lowest Cd content was found due to application of FYM @ 20 t ha-1 over F0 during 1st, 2nd and 3rd cutting with magnitude in decrease by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent, respectively in leaves and 17.91 percent in root.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1010–1249

t0
“spinach beet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–110

Title

Effect of Fym, Zn and Trichoderma spp. on content and uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd by spinach beet grown in Cd contaminated soil

MM Barvaliya; AP Italiya; Patel Kh; et al. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet N content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet P content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet K content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Fe content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Mn content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Cu content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Zn content.
Intervention effect FYM reduced leaf Cd content by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent across cuttings.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected N, P and K content except second-cut K.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected Fe content except in later cuttings.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf Cu and Cd and root Cd content.
Intervention effect Z2 produced higher nutrient concentrations.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf nutrient uptake in all cuttings.
Intervention effect Zinc at 5 mg kg-1 gave highest leaf nutrient uptake.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A higher N application rate gave a higher NA level in the subtending leaf.

Taxon: Gossypium HirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: Higher N application ratee6
Outcome: NA levele6
Direction: highere6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 65–95

e6
“Higher N application rate can sustain a higher NA level in its subtending leaf, leading to the less decrease magnitude of fiber length, strength, maturity, micronaire in late flowering dates”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1429–1619

Title

Effect Of Nitrogen Rates And Flowering Dates On Fiber Quality Of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)

Zhao, Wenqing; Wang, Youhua; Zhou, Zhiguo; et al. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2012. doi:10.5281/zenodo.8128

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect N fertilization rates significantly affected cotton fiber quality.
Intervention effect Flowering dates significantly affected cotton fiber quality.
Association The N rate by flowering date interaction significantly affected NA.
Intervention effect N fertilization rates significantly affected NA.
Intervention effect For bolls flowering before August 25 at MDTBMP above 21°C, 240 kg N ha-1 gave the optimal NA for fiber quality formation.
Intervention effect For bolls flowering after September 10 at MDTBMP below 21°C, 480 kg N ha-1 gave the optimal NA for fiber quality development.
Intervention effect A higher N application rate gave a smaller decrease in fiber quality in late flowering dates.
Recommendation 240 kg N ha-1 is the recommended N application strategy for optimal cotton quality.
Recommendation Supplemental N fertilizer could diminish the negative influence of climate stress on fiber quality in later flowering.

Mechanismhypothesisreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Drought driven insecticide movement may reduce pesticide performance.

Taxon: crop plantse1
Outcome: reduced pesticide performancee0
Qualifier: reduced pesticide performancee0

Verbatim

e0
“and that may have two concurrent consequences: 1) reduced pesticide performance, and 2) increased likelihood of insect pests evolving behavioral insecticide resistance.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 832–1000

e1
“We hypothesize that more pronounced drought will decrease uptake and increase the magnitude of nonuniform translocation of systemic insecticides within treated crop plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 659–830

Title

Does Drought Increase the Risk of Insects Developing Behavioral Resistance to Systemic Insecticides?

Haleh Khodaverdi; Trevor Fowles; Emily Bick; et al. Journal of Economic Entomology 2016. doi:10.1093/jee/tow188

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TAC remained relatively constant in unharvested summer-stressed low-water plants unless rainfall stimulated growth.

Taxon: alfalfaMedicago sativat0
Treatment: low water treatmente0
Outcome: TAC levelse0
Direction: remained relatively constante0

Verbatim

e0
“TAC levels of nonharvested summer-stressed plants in the low water treatment remained relatively constant unless rainfall occurred in sufficient magnitude to stimulate top growth, in which case a decrease in TAC levels was observed.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3020–3252

t0
“alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–104

Title

Effect of water management on forage production and on carbohydrate and nitrogen constituents of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

A. A. Schneiter UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) 1973

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation dry matter production decreased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Observation plant height at harvest decreased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Observation efficiency of water use decreased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Observation total water utilization per growth period decreased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Observation Daily water use increased in summer under high and medium irrigation.
Intervention effect After irrigation resumed, dry matter production under low water was not significantly different from medium and high water.
Intervention effect After irrigation resumed, harvest plant height under low water was not significantly different from medium and high water.
Observation Alfalfa stand density declined across three production years.
Intervention effect Water management did not significantly influence stand decline or root distribution.
Observation Root morphology varied among genotypes, largely attributed to genetic expression.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly increased root proline content.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly decreased root arginine content.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly increased root sucrose content.
Intervention effect Water stress did not affect root fructose and glucose levels.
Observation Water-insoluble N was lower at midsummer than at the start and end of the season.
Observation Water-soluble protein was lower at midsummer than at the start and end of the season.
Intervention effect Total available carbohydrates and water-soluble protein decreased after harvest.
Observation Water-insoluble N, soluble N, protein amino acid composition and free sugar did not change during regrowth.
Observation TAC decreased in midsummer under medium and high irrigation each year.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FYM reduced leaf Cd content by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent across cuttings.

Taxon: spinach beett0
Organ / stage: leavese0
Treatment: FYM @ 20 t ha-1e0
Outcome: Cd contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percente0
Comparator: F0e0

Verbatim

e0
“However, significantly lowest Cd content was found due to application of FYM @ 20 t ha-1 over F0 during 1st, 2nd and 3rd cutting with magnitude in decrease by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent, respectively in leaves and 17.91 percent in root.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1010–1249

t0
“spinach beet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–110

Title

Effect of Fym, Zn and Trichoderma spp. on content and uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd by spinach beet grown in Cd contaminated soil

MM Barvaliya; AP Italiya; Patel Kh; et al. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet N content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet P content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet K content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Fe content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Mn content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Cu content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Zn content.
Intervention effect FYM reduced root Cd content by 17.91 percent.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected N, P and K content except second-cut K.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected Fe content except in later cuttings.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf Cu and Cd and root Cd content.
Intervention effect Z2 produced higher nutrient concentrations.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf nutrient uptake in all cuttings.
Intervention effect Zinc at 5 mg kg-1 gave highest leaf nutrient uptake.

Mechanismhypothesisreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Drought driven insecticide movement may increase pest behavioral resistance.

Taxon: crop plantse1
Interactor: insect pestse0pest
Outcome: likelihood of insect pests evolving behavioral insecticide resistancee0
Qualifier: increased likelihoode0

Verbatim

e0
“and that may have two concurrent consequences: 1) reduced pesticide performance, and 2) increased likelihood of insect pests evolving behavioral insecticide resistance.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 832–1000

e1
“We hypothesize that more pronounced drought will decrease uptake and increase the magnitude of nonuniform translocation of systemic insecticides within treated crop plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 659–830

Title

Does Drought Increase the Risk of Insects Developing Behavioral Resistance to Systemic Insecticides?

Haleh Khodaverdi; Trevor Fowles; Emily Bick; et al. Journal of Economic Entomology 2016. doi:10.1093/jee/tow188

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zn plus K increased grain Zn by an average 31.3 relative to foliar Zn alone.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Zn+Ke0
Outcome: grain Zne1
Direction: increasese0
Value: 31.3e0
Comparator: foliar Zn-only treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“average increases following Zn+K (31.3), Zn+P (18.7), and Zn+N (26.5 mg kg-1) treatments relative to that observed in foliar Zn-only treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1400–1542

e1
“magnitude of the increase/decrease in grain Zn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1283–1329

t0
“winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–97

Title

Effects of Zn, macronutrients, and their interactions through foliar applications on winter wheat grain nutritional quality

Shaoxia Wang; Meng Li; Ke Liu; et al. PLoS ONE 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181276

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Foliar Zn alone increased grain Zn concentration by 95.7% across six site-years.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with N increased grain Zn concentration by 101%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with P increased grain Zn concentration by 67.9%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with K increased grain Zn concentration by 121%.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with N for increasing grain Zn at Sanyuan.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with K for increasing grain Zn at Yangling.
Association Foliar Zn interacted negatively with P for increasing grain Zn under all tested conditions.
Observation Interaction effects on grain Zn were much smaller than the average treatment increases.
Intervention effect Zn plus P increased grain Zn by an average 18.7 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Zn plus N increased grain Zn by an average 26.5 mg kg-1 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Combining foliar Zn with N, P or K did not adversely affect grain yield and other nutritional quality.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain yield in some cases.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain macronutrient concentrations in some cases.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 52.0% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus N lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 53.1% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus P lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 43.4% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus K lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 63.5% versus control.
Observation These treatment effects were consistent across four years and three soil N rates.
Recommendation The authors prefer including Zn in foliar N or K applications for dietary Zn intake.

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“magnitude of decrease”

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