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“decrease in relative water content”

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2010 ’20

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Taxon: maize ✕

Taxon groups are the verbatim names found in the abstracts (case-insensitive), not normalised: maize, corn and Zea mays are separate groups here. The Organism view merges them through NCBI Taxonomy.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Deficit irrigation significantly reduced chlorophyll a, b and relative water content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: deficit irrigatione0
Outcome: chlorophyll a, b and relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: normal irrigatione1

Verbatim

e0
“deficit irrigation caused a significant decrease in grain yield and other agronomic traits, physiological characteristics (chlorophyll a, b and relative water content)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 635–802

e1
“normal irrigation, 80% of maximum daily crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 440–503

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 90–95

Title

Growth analysis, agronomic and physiological characteristics of three hybrid varieties of maize under deficit irrigation conditions

Amir Abbas Rostami Ajirloo; Mohamad Reza Asgharipour; Ahmad Ganbari; et al. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 2019. doi:10.22034/jppb.2019.10097

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced maize grain yield and agronomic traits.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased leaf rolling percentage.
Intervention effect With stronger deficit, SC705 chlorophyll a, b and relative water content fell more than in SC703 and SC704.
Observation At severe stress, SC705 leaf rolling reached 60%.
Observation SC705 had the highest grain yield, 8.51 t/ha, under normal irrigation.
Observation SC705 had the highest biomass, 19.36 t/ha, under normal irrigation.
Observation SC705 had minimum grain yield and biomass at 50% ETc.
Intervention effect Increasing deficit from normal irrigation to 50% ETc significantly reduced SC705 leaf area index, plant growth rate and relative growth rate.
Intervention effect Increasing deficit from normal irrigation to 50% ETc significantly reduced SC705 net photosynthesis rate.
Recommendation The authors recommend preventing water deficit at critical maize growth stages.
Recommendation The authors advise planting SC705 when enough irrigation water is available.
Recommendation The authors consider SC704 suitable for water deficit, especially at 50% ETc.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased maize photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll, relative water content, height and yield.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayse0
Treatment: droughte0
Outcome: net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll (Chl.) a+b, relative water content (RWC), plant height, and grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“drought caused a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll (Chl.) a+b, relative water content (RWC), plant height, and grain yield of Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 938–1123

Title

Super Absorbent Polymers and Soil Texture Affects on Zea mays L. Physiological Response, under Drought Stress Condition

Moeini, Alireza; Neshat, Ali; Yazdanpanah, Najme; et al. Open MIND 2025. doi:10.57647/jcns.2025.1101.04

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Increasing drought elevated CAT, SOD, APX, REC and proline.
Intervention effect Moderate drought increased WUE by 5.8% relative to control.
Intervention effect Severe drought increased WUE by 11.7% relative to control.
Observation Clay-loam soil produced the maximum grain yield of 491.8 g.
Intervention effect SAP under drought enhanced gas exchange, chlorophyll, water content, height and grain yield.
Intervention effect SAP under drought decreased REC, proline, CAT, SOD and APX activity.
Observation The 80 kg.ha-1 SAP rate gave the highest photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll, and 10 kg.ha-1 gave the lowest.
Intervention effect SAP at 40 and 80 kg.ha-1 increased leaf relative water content.
Intervention effect SAP at 10 and 20 kg.ha-1 had no significant effect on leaf relative water content versus control.
Recommendation The authors recommend 80 kg.ha-1 SAP for drought in sandy and clay-loam soils.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deficit irrigation decreased maize leaf chlorophyll, NDVI and relative water content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: defi cient irrigatione0
Outcome: Leaf chlorophyll contents, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Leaf relative water content (RWC)e0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf chlorophyll contents, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Leaf relative water content (RWC) were decreased by defi cient irrigation”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 515–669

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–99

Title

Vermicompost and Azotobacter as an ecological pathway to decrease chemical fertilizers in the maize, Zea mays

Ali Shirkhani; Safar Nasrolahzadeh Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 2016. doi:10.21786/bbrc/9.3/7

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Deficit irrigation decreased maize grain yield and leaf area index.
Intervention effect Azotobacter increased maize yield and leaf traits under normal and deficit irrigation.
Intervention effect Vermicompost increased maize yield and leaf traits under normal and deficit irrigation.
Observation Using 6 ton/ha vermicompost and Azotobacter supplied 50% of maize fertilizer.
Intervention effect Combined biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers increased maize yield and other traits.
Intervention effect Vermicompost plus chemical fertilizer performed better than chemical fertilizer alone, including its full recommended rate.
Recommendation The authors recommend organic sources with 50% recommended NPK fertilizer for sustainable maize production under normal and deficit irrigation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CML-593 relative water content fell 18% under drought versus control.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: CML-593e1
Treatment: drought stresse1
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: reductione0
Value: 18%e0
Comparator: control conditionse0

Verbatim

t0
“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–73

e0
“Compared with control conditions, CML-593 recorded a 21% decrease in plant height, 18% reduction in relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 913–1035

e1
“genotype CML-593 maintained significantly higher physiological performance under drought stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 816–911

Title

Integrative Approaches for Selecting Drought Tolerant Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Based on Physiological and Biochemical Attributes

M. A. Mannan; Ferdousi Begum; Md Islam; et al. Egyptian Journal of Agronomy 2025. doi:10.21608/agro.2025.389215.1707

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation CML-593 maintained significantly higher physiological performance under drought.
Intervention effect CML-593 plant height decreased 21% under drought versus control.
Intervention effect CML-593 chlorophyll concentration fell 14% under drought versus control.
Intervention effect CML-593 proline accumulation increased 150% under drought.
Intervention effect CML-593 membrane stability increased 93% under drought.
Intervention effect CML-593 photosynthetic rate increased 69% under drought.
Intervention effect CML-593 stomatal conductance increased 78% under drought.
Intervention effect CML-593 transpiration rate increased 82% under drought.
Intervention effect Drought increased CML-593 intercellular CO₂ by 15%.
Intervention effect Drought increased CML-593 malondialdehyde content by 4%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased CML-593 total soluble sugar by 17%.
Method / resource Integrated physiological and biochemical parameters identified CML-593 as most drought tolerant.
Recommendation CML-593 was considered a promising donor for breeding.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated soil water content under heat lowered maize canopy temperature by 1-3°C relative to heat treatment.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0 e1
Treatment: HW treatmente0 e1
Outcome: canopy temperaturee0 e1
Direction: decreasee0 e1
Value: 1-3°Ce0 e1
Comparator: H treatmente0 e1

Verbatim

e0
“Averagely, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was improved by 20% in HW treatment and a 1-3°C decrease in canopy temperature compared with H treatment in two years.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 589–751

e1
“maize hybrids”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 532–545

Title

Irrigation mitigates the heat impacts on photosynthesis during grain filling in maize

Xing-long WANG; Yu-peng ZHU; Ye YAN; et al. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023. doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.012

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Elevated soil water content under heat raised maize net photosynthetic rate by 20% relative to heat treatment.
Intervention effect Higher soil water content improved actual photosynthetic rate and linear electron flow in both maize hybrids.
Intervention effect Higher soil water content improved variable fluorescence and maximal potential quantum efficiency in both maize hybrids.
Intervention effect Higher soil water content improved thylakoid proton conductivity and maximal fluorescence in hybrid ZD958.
Intervention effect Higher soil water content increased ATP synthase proton conductivity and minimal fluorescence in hybrid XY335.
Association Soil water content had a significant positive relation with maize net photosynthetic rate.
Association Soil water content had a significant positive relation with maize linear electron flow.
Association Soil water content had a significant positive relation with maize maximal potential quantum efficiency.
Intervention effect Elevating soil water content delayed maize leaf senescence under heat stress.
Intervention effect Elevating soil water content prolonged the effective photosynthetic period of maize under heat stress.
Recommendation The authors propose elevating soil water content as a heat mitigation measure for maize production.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf aging and declining chlorophyll and absorbance accompanied a decrease in maize Pn.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: maize Pne0
Qualifier: leaves would age, and the gradual decrease of chlorophyll relative content and Abe0

Verbatim

e0
“As the growth period progressed, the leaves would age, and the gradual decrease of chlorophyll relative content and Ab led to a gradual decrease in maize Pn.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1670–1827

Title

Optimization of water and fertilizer management on the intercropping system between maize and mung bean to improve photosynthetic characteristics & water use and to increase plant yield

Mengfan Gao; Xinxin Wang; Renqiang Chen; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2025. doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1597198

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Maize leaf area index and chlorophyll content rose then fell with emergence time.
Observation Mung bean leaf area index and chlorophyll content rose then fell with emergence time.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised maize leaf area index by 5.99%–36.70%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised mung bean leaf area index by 27.43%–28.72%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised maize chlorophyll content by 2.31%–3.47%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised mung bean chlorophyll content by 4.59%–4.63%.
Intervention effect Irrigation treatment raised maize leaf area index by 9.73%–33.42% versus I 0.
Intervention effect Irrigation treatment raised mung bean leaf area index by 6.60%–17.39% versus I 0.
Intervention effect Irrigation treatment raised maize chlorophyll content by 2.75%–12.68% versus I 0.
Intervention effect Irrigation treatment raised mung bean chlorophyll content by 4.14%–9.12% versus I 0.
Observation Gas exchange and absorbance first rose and then fell over emergence time in maize and mung bean.
Observation Maize net photosynthetic rate increased by 5.04%–47.12%.
Observation Mung bean net photosynthetic rate increased by 11.29%–26.60%.
Association Maize Pn correlated strongly with chlorophyll content and absorbance.
Observation Three-dimensional Pn curves with chlorophyll content and absorbance were S-shaped.
Association Crop water use efficiency rose then fell with increasing irrigation volume.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer significantly improved water use efficiency in the intercrop.
Recommendation Authors conclude combined organic fertilizer and irrigation can improve grain output and quality.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The improved lines had higher relative water content under drought.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome: RWCe0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: under drought stresse0

Verbatim

e0
“This improvement was related to the enhancement of water-retention ability, as indicated by higher RWC and the reduction in damage, as shown by the decrease in REL, MDA, and H2O2 under drought stress.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1755–1955

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60

Title

Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding of Drought-Tolerant Maize Lines Transformed by Vacuolar H+-Pyrophosphatase Gene (AnVP1) from Ammopiptanthus nanus

Yang Cao; Haoqiang Yu; Xin Guo; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14060926

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resource The marker set comprised 103 InDel markers for background selection.
Observation AnVP1 became homozygous in BC2 lines after selection.
Observation Recurrent parent background recovery averaged 74.80% in BC1.
Observation Recurrent parent background recovery averaged 91.93% in BC2.
Observation AnVP1 expression was stable in line BC2-36-12.
Observation AnVP1 expression was stable in line BC2-5-15.
Intervention effect The two BC2F3 lines showed significantly improved drought tolerance against Chang 7-2.
Observation REL, MDA and H2O2 decreased under drought stress in the improved lines.
Observation Field evaluations in two arid and semi-arid environments indicated improved drought tolerance of Chang 7-2.
Recommendation The authors propose crossing improved Chang 7-2 with Zheng 58 to develop Zhengdan 958.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated soil water content under heat raised maize net photosynthetic rate by 20% relative to heat treatment.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0 e1
Treatment: HW treatmente0 e1
Outcome: net photosynthetic rate (Pn)e0 e1
Direction: improvede0 e1
Value: 20%e0 e1
Comparator: H treatmente0 e1

Verbatim

e0
“Averagely, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was improved by 20% in HW treatment and a 1-3°C decrease in canopy temperature compared with H treatment in two years.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 589–751

e1
“maize hybrids”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 532–545

Title

Irrigation mitigates the heat impacts on photosynthesis during grain filling in maize

Xing-long WANG; Yu-peng ZHU; Ye YAN; et al. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023. doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.012

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Elevated soil water content under heat lowered maize canopy temperature by 1-3°C relative to heat treatment.
Intervention effect Higher soil water content improved actual photosynthetic rate and linear electron flow in both maize hybrids.
Intervention effect Higher soil water content improved variable fluorescence and maximal potential quantum efficiency in both maize hybrids.
Intervention effect Higher soil water content improved thylakoid proton conductivity and maximal fluorescence in hybrid ZD958.
Intervention effect Higher soil water content increased ATP synthase proton conductivity and minimal fluorescence in hybrid XY335.
Association Soil water content had a significant positive relation with maize net photosynthetic rate.
Association Soil water content had a significant positive relation with maize linear electron flow.
Association Soil water content had a significant positive relation with maize maximal potential quantum efficiency.
Intervention effect Elevating soil water content delayed maize leaf senescence under heat stress.
Intervention effect Elevating soil water content prolonged the effective photosynthetic period of maize under heat stress.
Recommendation The authors propose elevating soil water content as a heat mitigation measure for maize production.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Deficit irrigation significantly reduced leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: deficit irrigatione0
Outcome: leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth ratee0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: normal irrigatione1

Verbatim

e0
“deficit irrigation caused a significant decrease in grain yield and other agronomic traits, physiological characteristics (chlorophyll a, b and relative water content) and growth parameters (leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 635–882

e1
“normal irrigation, 80% of maximum daily crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 440–503

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 90–95

Title

Growth analysis, agronomic and physiological characteristics of three hybrid varieties of maize under deficit irrigation conditions

Amir Abbas Rostami Ajirloo; Mohamad Reza Asgharipour; Ahmad Ganbari; et al. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 2019. doi:10.22034/jppb.2019.10097

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced maize grain yield and agronomic traits.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced chlorophyll a, b and relative water content.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased leaf rolling percentage.
Intervention effect With stronger deficit, SC705 chlorophyll a, b and relative water content fell more than in SC703 and SC704.
Observation At severe stress, SC705 leaf rolling reached 60%.
Observation SC705 had the highest grain yield, 8.51 t/ha, under normal irrigation.
Observation SC705 had the highest biomass, 19.36 t/ha, under normal irrigation.
Observation SC705 had minimum grain yield and biomass at 50% ETc.
Intervention effect Increasing deficit from normal irrigation to 50% ETc significantly reduced SC705 leaf area index, plant growth rate and relative growth rate.
Intervention effect Increasing deficit from normal irrigation to 50% ETc significantly reduced SC705 net photosynthesis rate.
Recommendation The authors recommend preventing water deficit at critical maize growth stages.
Recommendation The authors advise planting SC705 when enough irrigation water is available.
Recommendation The authors consider SC704 suitable for water deficit, especially at 50% ETc.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mulch and more frequent irrigation tended to decrease leaf diffusive resistance.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: Mulch and increase in irrigation frequencye0
Outcome: leaf diffusive resistancee0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Mulch and increase in irrigation frequency tended to increase in relative water content and transpiration rate while decreased leaf diffusive resistance”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 816–968

t0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–97

Title

Effect of straw mulching and irrigation on physiological activities, yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and soil physical properties under available soil moisture depletion conditions in Mollisols

MANEESH BHATT Annals of Plant and Soil Research 2022. doi:10.47815/apsr.2022.10176

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Mulch raised soil temperature at 15 cm by 0.6–9.8 °C.
Intervention effect Irrigation at 20% DASM raised soil temperature by 0.7–1.2 °C.
Intervention effect Mulch lowered bulk density by 1.43–3.59%.
Intervention effect Mulch increased saturated hydraulic conductivity by 3.8–41.0%.
Intervention effect Mulch increased mean weight diameter by 6.0–20.0%.
Intervention effect Irrigation at less soil-moisture depletion favored soil physical properties.
Intervention effect Mulch and more frequent irrigation tended to increase relative water content and transpiration rate.
Intervention effect Leaf temperature showed no noticeable differences under mulch and irrigation.
Intervention effect Green gram straw mulch produced 2.6–14.2% higher grain yield.
Intervention effect Irrigation at 20% DASM produced 1.3–9.2% higher grain yield.
Recommendation The authors recommend green gram straw mulch at 5 t ha-1 with irrigation at 20% DASM for higher maize yield in Mollisols.

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“decrease in relative water content”

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