Search claims · PlantClaims

2010s 13

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The HSY map covers all four HSY-specific Knobs.

Taxon: PapayaCarica papayae1
Outcome: HSY-specific Knobse0
Value: foure0

Verbatim

e0
“covers all four HSY-specific Knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 946–980

e1
“Papaya is a major fruit crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 12–40

Title

Construction of physical maps for the sex-specific regions of papaya sex chromosomes

Jong-Kuk Na; Jianping Wang; Jan E Murray; et al. BMC Genomics 2012. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-176

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resource The HSY map has a minimum tiling path of 68 overlapping BACs.
Method / resource One gap remained near Knob 1 in the HSY map.
Method / resource The X map comprises 44 BACs on its minimum tiling path.
Method / resource A repetitive-sequence gap remains in the X physical map and is filled on the HSY map.
Method / resource Fine mapping in 1460 F2 individuals defined the non-recombining HSY borders.
Observation The genetically defined HSY spans approximately 8.5 Mb.
Observation The X counterpart extends about 5.4 Mb.
Observation The X counterpart includes a 900 Kb region containing shared Knob 1.
Observation The HSY sequence is expanded by 4 Mb relative to the corresponding X sequence.
Observation Genetically defined borders coincide with shared BACs on the HSY and X tiling paths.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Two chromosomes had club-shaped ends and five had single terminal knobs.

Taxon: Abies grandisAbies grandise1
Outcome: club-shaped ends without any constriction, while five have single terminal knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Two chromosomes have club-shaped ends without any constriction, while five have single terminal knobs.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 955–1057

e1
“Abies grandis LIndley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 57–78

Title

Chromosome individuality and somatic pairing in Abies grandis

Campbell, John Duncan cIRcle (University of British Columbia) 2012. doi:10.14288/1.0106871

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Male and female stylet knobs were bipartite with a groove.

Taxon: Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Outcome: bipartitee0

Verbatim

e0
“The stylet knobs of males and females were bipartite, each incised by a deep medium longitudinal groove”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1125

t0
“Laurel Oak”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26

Title

First Report of Laurel Oak as a Host for the Pecan Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne partityla, in Florida

J. A. Brito; H. Han; J. D. Stanley; et al. Plant Disease 2012. doi:10.1094/pdis-02-12-0201-pdn

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Laurel oak roots were heavily galled by Meloidogyne partityla in two Florida home gardens.
Observation Round galls occurred on secondary and tertiary roots.
Observation Nematode females and egg masses were visible in and on affected roots.
Observation Nematode morphology matched the original M. partityla description.
Observation The J2 had a swollen, deeply grooved rectum.
Observation The male stylet had a blunt tip and prominent junction thickening.
Observation EST and Mdh isozyme phenotypes agreed with prior M. partityla reports.
Observation mtDNA and ITS amplicons were approximately 530 and 550 bp and matched previous reports.
Observation The report establishes laurel oak as a host of the pecan root-knot nematode.

1950s 9

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Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.

Outcome: size of the knobse0
Direction: largere0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“the size of the knobs of the former plant is larger”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–769

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Intervention effect A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.

Taxon: theA. japonicae0
Treatment: antibiotics or by heat treatmente0
Outcome: knobs are never formede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“theA. japonica which is closely affined to them and non-leaf-nodular plant, knobs are never formed either by antibiotics or by heat treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–477

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.

Outcome: epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, and no meristem and leaf-nodule-bacteriae0

Not reportedTaxonDirection

Verbatim

e0
“The knobs are formed of epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, and no meristem and leaf-nodule-bacteria are recognized in any part of them by microscope”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 773–926

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Intervention effect A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

1980s 8

Show all 8 →

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Quercus bicolor swamp forest sites were mapped in Kentucky Bluegrass and Knobs regions.

Taxon: Quercus bicolorQuercus bicolore0
Outcome: distribution of swamp forest sitese0
Setting: Bluegrass and Knobs regions of Kentuckye0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“The distribution of swamp forest sites as indicated by Quercus bicolor is mapped for the Bluegrass and Knobs regions of Kentucky.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–129

Title

Swamp Forests on High Terrace Deposits in the Bluegrass and Knobs Regions of Kentucky

Leslie E. Meade; W. Meijer; Julian Campbell; et al. ScholarWorks - MoreheadState (Morehead State University) 1981

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Most swamp forest sites were on high terraces probably deposited by rivers ponded during glaciation.
Association Swamp forest composition varied with soil moisture and perhaps pH.
Observation Records extended the known range of Q. bicolor.
Observation Records extended the known range of Q. michauxii.
Observation Records extended the known range of Habenaria spp.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ficus fistulosa figs were borne in clusters on woody knobs or short leafless twigs.

Taxon: F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Blum.Ficus fistulosae1
Organ / stage: trunk and main branchese0
Outcome: figs are borne in clusters on woody knobs or short, leafless twigse0

Verbatim

e0
“The figs are borne in clusters on woody knobs or short, leafless twigs on the trunk and main branches.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1082–1184

e1
“F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Blum.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 983–1011

Title

The Phenology of Ficus fistulosa in Singapore

Richard T. Corlett Biotropica 1987. doi:10.2307/2388733

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Limited numbers of chestnut sprouts were found with living stems growing from small knobs of cambium on the root collars of otherwise completely dead stumps.

Taxon: American ChestnutCastanea dentatat0
Outcome: Limited numbers of chestnut sproutse4
Qualifier: living stems growing from small knobs of cambium on the root collars of otherwise completely dead stumpse4

Verbatim

t0
“Growth-Form and Ecology of American Chestnut Sprout Clones in Northeastern Massachusetts”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88

e4
“Limited numbers of chestnut sprouts were found with living stems growing from small knobs of cambium on the root collars of otherwise completely dead stumps of former canopy trees”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 700–879

Title

Growth-Form and Ecology of American Chestnut Sprout Clones in Northeastern Massachusetts

Frederick L. Paillet Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 1984. doi:10.2307/2995913

Other claims from this paper (11)

2000s 8

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.

Taxon: Stereospermumkunthianume0
Organ / stage: abaxial surfacee0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.
Observation Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.

Taxon: Tabebuia roseaTabebuia roseae0
Organ / stage: adaxial surfacee0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.

Taxon: Markhamia luteaMarkhamia luteae0
Organ / stage: abaxial and adaxial surfacese0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.
Observation Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

2020s 6

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Flagella number peaked at 90.83 knobs·m −2 after six years.

Taxon: Phyllostachys edulisPhyllostachys edulist0
Organ / stage: rhizomee0
Outcome: flagella numbere0
Direction: moste0
Value: 90.83 knobs·m −2e0

Verbatim

t0
“Phyllostachys edulis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–111

e0
“flagella number, the number of the weak buds and bifurcated rhizomes (4.42 roots·m −2 , 90.83 knobs·m −2 , 15.33 each·m −2, 2.75 each·m −2 ) were the most after 6 years of enclosure”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–823

Title

Morphology and nutrient content of bamboo rhizomes: Responses to enclosure succession in a Phyllostachys edulis forest in Wuyi Mountains, China

Xing Cai; Rui Cheng; Zhenhua Chen; et al. Forest Ecology and Management 2025. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122928

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The most abundant satellite repeats in both haplotypes occur outside centromeres and form heterochromatic knobs.

Taxon: Populus tremula × P. albaPopulus tremulat0
Gene: PtaM147e0
Outcome: satellite repeatse0
Value: 147 bpe0
Qualifier: frequently span >1 megabasese0

Verbatim

e0
“the most abundant satellite repeats in both haplotypes lie outside of the centromeres, consist of a 147 bp monomer PtaM147, frequently span >1 megabases, and form heterochromatic knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–891

t0
“Populus tremula × P. alba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–63

Title

Haplotype‐resolved genome assembly of Populus tremula × P. alba reveals aspen‐specific megabase satellite DNA

Ran Zhou; Jerry W Jenkins; Yibing Zeng; et al. The Plant Journal 2023. doi:10.1111/tpj.16454

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungal stromal knobs formed against apple epidermal cells one day after penetration.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Outcome: formation of knob-like structures of the fungal stroma appressed to epidermal cellse0
Value: 1 daye0

Verbatim

e0
“formation of knob-like structures of the fungal stroma appressed to epidermal cells as early as 1 day after host penetration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 288–412

t0
“Apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 19–24

Title

The Hemibiotrophic Apple Scab Fungus Venturia inaequalis Induces a Biotrophic Interface but Lacks a Necrotrophic Stage

Ulrike Steiner; Erich-Christian Oerke Journal of Fungi 2024. doi:10.3390/jof10120831

Other claims from this paper (10)

1990s 2

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mixed mesophytic communities occur on moist protected slopes and are limited to southern calcareous knobs and ridges.

Taxon: communitiese0
Outcome: occur on moist, protected upland slopese0
Setting: southern half ofthe study areae0

Verbatim

e0
“These communities occur on moist, protected upland slopes. They are limited to the calcareous knobs and ridges in the southern half ofthe study area.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1047–1196

Title

Forest Communities of the Tellico Lake Area, East Tennessee

Michael G. Andreu; Mark L. Tukman DukeSpace (Duke University) 1995

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Schistonchus africanus is described as a new species with distinctive morphology.

Taxon: Ficus thonningiiFicus thonningiit0
Interactor: Schistonchus africanuse0parasite
Outcome: short stylete0
Value: 13-16 mume0

Verbatim

e0
“Schistonchus africanus n. sp. is characterized by a short stylet (13-16 mum long); position of the excretory pore opening in both sexes at a level just behind the stylet knobs; and short post-uterine branch, one body-width long.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 202–430

t0
“Ficus thonningii”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–95

Title

Schistonchus africanus n. sp. (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) Associated with Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) and its Pollinator Wasp Elisabethiella stuckenbergi (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae).

N Vovlas; A Troccoli; S V Noort; et al. PubMed 1998

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Schistonchus africanus parasitizes Ficus thonningii florets.
Observation Winged female wasps transport the nematode.
Observation Nematode juveniles and adults occurred in fig florets and the wasp abdomen.
Observation Nematodes from female wasps and fig florets did not differ in morphology.
Observation No association was observed with wingless male pollinator wasps.

1970s 1

Show all 1 →

Mechanismauthor interpretationreview summarypositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Simple vegetative propagation made the four fruit trees preadapted for early domestication.

Taxon: Olive, grape, date, and fige0
Outcome: preadapted for domesticatione0
Qualifier: vegetatively propagated by simple techniques (cuttings, basal knobs, suckers)e0

Verbatim

e0
“Olive, grape, date, and fig can be vegetatively propagated by simple techniques (cuttings, basal knobs, suckers) and were thus preadapted for domestication early in the development of agriculture.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 713–909

Title

Beginnings of Fruit Growing in the Old World

Daniel Zohary; Pinhas Spiegel-Roy Science 1975. doi:10.1126/science.187.4174.319

Other claims from this paper (7)

“knobs”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics

2010s 13

1950s 9

1980s 8

2000s 8

2020s 6

1990s 2

1970s 1