Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under shade, declining soil water potential reduced leaf dry weight by 20%.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: a decrease in soil water potentiale0
Outcome: dry weighte0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 20%e0
Qualifier: Under shadee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Under shade, a decrease in soil water potential resulted in a 20% decrease in dry weight.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 695–784

t0
“Apple Tree”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 32–42

Title

The Influence of Environment on Apple Tree Growth, Leaf Wax Formation, and Foliar Absorption

Rebecca L. Darnell; David C. Ferree Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 1983. doi:10.21273/jashs.108.3.506

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect At 20°C, 75% shade reduced apple shoot growth and leaf number.
Intervention effect At 25°, shading had no effect on apple shoot growth and leaf number.
Intervention effect At high soil water potential, 75% shade significantly reduced total leaf area.
Intervention effect At low soil water potential, shading had little effect on total leaf area.
Intervention effect Under full sun, declining soil water potential reduced total leaf dry weight by 46%.
Intervention effect Under full sun, rising temperature decreased total stem dry weight.
Intervention effect Under shade, temperature had little effect on stem dry weight.
Intervention effect At 75% shade, rising temperature decreased specific leaf weight.
Intervention effect In full sun, temperature had no effect on specific leaf weight.
Observation Environmental interactions did not influence specific leaf weight of new leaves.
Intervention effect Leaf epicuticular wax quantity rose as soil water potential fell.
Intervention effect Lower soil water potential increased the proportion of alkanes in leaf wax.
Intervention effect Lower soil water potential increased the proportion of wax esters in leaf wax.
Intervention effect Alkane content rose as temperature rose.
Method / resource Environmental conditions changed photosynthetic functioning and masked prometryn effects, making the herbicide unreliable for measuring foliar absorption.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fine root dry weight showed the greatest decrease under drought in the CG5087 tree.

Taxon: Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
Material: CG5087e1
Outcome: Fine root (<2 mm diameter) dry weighte1
Direction: greatest decreasee1

Verbatim

e0
“we assessed the drought tolerance of 1-year-old apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees exposed to extreme water stress, focusing on growth and physiological responses”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–179

e1
“Fine root (<2 mm diameter) dry weight showed the greatest decrease in the CG5087 tree”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1182–1267

Title

Drought Tolerance of ‘Fuji’ Apple Trees Grafted onto G, CG, or M Series Rootstocks: Growth and Physiology

Byeong-Ho Choi; Narayan Bhusal; Woo-Tae Jeong; et al. Horticultural Science and Technology 2020. doi:10.7235/hort.20200054

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Drought decreased the leaf water potential of apple trees dramatically.
Intervention effect Drought decreased the tree vertical growth rate of apple trees dramatically.
Association The growth rate decrease under drought was considerable in G202, G935 and M26 trees, which generally produced a large leaf area.
Intervention effect Drought reduced the trunk cross-sectional area of apple trees by almost 50%.
Intervention effect Drought reduced the leaf area of apple trees by more than 60%.
Intervention effect After 11 days of control-level irrigation, the leaf water potential of drought-stressed apple trees had not fully recovered to the control level.
Association Photosynthesis-related parameters decreased substantially as the soil water potential changed.
Observation Photosynthesis-related parameters did not noticeably differ among the apple trees.
Observation Fine root dry weight of the G935 tree was insensitive to drought.
Observation The root:shoot biomass ratio of the CG5087 tree was 0.24.
Observation The root:shoot biomass ratio of the M26 tree was 0.23.
Observation The root:shoot biomass ratio of the G214 and CG4814 trees was 0.38.
Association The CG5087 tree was the most sensitive to drought stress among the rootstocks.
Association Drought tolerance was higher in G202, G214 and G935 trees than in M26 trees.
Association M26 trees had a drought tolerance comparable to G11, CG4814 and M9 trees.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Less crown light decreased dry to fresh weight ratio and nitrogen balance index.

Taxon: apple treesMalus domesticat0
Treatment: decreasing light penetration into the crowne0
Outcome: dry and fresh weight ratio and nitrogen balance indexe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“decreasing light penetration into the crown results in an increase in the specific leaf area and photochemical reflectance index, and leads to a decrease in dry and fresh weight ratio and nitrogen balance index”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1127–1337

t0
“apple trees”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–80

Title

Leaf optical properties reflect changes of photosynthetic indices in apple trees

Kristina Lauzike; Giedrė Samuolienė Research for Rural Development/Research for Rural Development (Online) 2018. doi:10.22616/rrd.24.2018.056

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect P60 significantly improved all tested indices relative to P22.
Intervention effect Higher planting density decreased specific leaf area.
Intervention effect Higher planting density increased nitrogen balance index.
Observation Dry to fresh weight ratio and photochemical reflectance index were significantly affected without a general tendency.
Intervention effect Light penetration did not affect photochemical reflectance index.
Observation Nitrogen balance index decreased significantly in the upper canopy.
Intervention effect Less crown light increased specific leaf area and photochemical reflectance index.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The regression model predicted apple shoot dry weight from fertility and ground cover dry weight.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Interactor: ground cover speciese0weed
Outcome: Apple shoot dry weighte0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: fertility levelse0

Not reportedValue

Verbatim

e0
“Apple shoot dry weight over all fertility levels, ground cover species, and densities was predicted by a regression model based on increase with fertility and decrease with ground cover dry weight.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 569–766

t0
“Apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–26

Title

Interference Between Apple (Malus domestica) Seedlings and Four Ground Cover Species Under Greenhouse Conditions

John M. Shribbs; Walter A. Skroch; Thomas J. Monaco Weed Science 1986. doi:10.1017/s0043174500067382

Other claims from this paper (5)

Association Orchardgrass inhibited apple growth more than Kentucky bluegrass per plant.
Association Red sorrel inhibited apple growth more than Kentucky bluegrass per plant.
Association Korean lespedeza inhibition of apple growth was associated with its root nodulation.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition increased apple nitrogen levels.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition did not fully overcome apple growth inhibition.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weight.

Taxon: Apple (M. pomila)Malus domesticat0
Treatment: increasing salt concentratione0
Outcome: leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results of this work indicate that increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution leads to: (a) a decline in the stomata conductance (b) the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (c) to a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content (d) the reduction of vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area (e) significantly decrease in the leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–2262

t0
“Apple (M. pomila)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–29

Title

Response of Apple (M. pomila) Dwarf Rootstocks To Salinity Stress

Amim Alizadeh; Valida Alizade 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decline stomata conductance.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf water potential and relative water content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration non significantly affected number of leaves and number of roots.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase percentage of dead leaves.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase root/leaf ratio.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leaves.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced soil water did not affect root or aboveground dry weight.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: moderate reduction of soil water contente0
Outcome: root and above ground dry weighte0
Direction: not affectede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The moderate reduction of soil water content induced a decrease in predawn leaf water potential and leaf gas exchange; however, root and above ground dry weight were not affected.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 521–700

t0
“apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–84

Title

Leaf assimilation, carbon translocation and root respiration in 'Budagovski 9' apple cuttings grown in low soil moisture condition

Moreno Toselli; Graziella Marcolini; James. A. Flore; et al. European Journal of Horticultural Science 2014. doi:10.1079/ejhs.2014/4509982

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Reduced soil water lowered predawn leaf water potential and gas exchange.
Intervention effect Water limited trees fixed less pulsed carbon-13 than well watered controls.
Observation Carbon-13 concentration declined in leaves over days 1 to 16.
Observation Carbon-13 concentration rose in roots and trunk.
Observation Carbon-13 concentration stayed stable in herbaceous shoots.
Intervention effect Carbon-13 partitioning did not differ by irrigation treatment.
Intervention effect Water limitation reduced root respiration of newly fixed carbon.
Association Root respiration was linearly related to excess carbon allocated to roots.
Observation Root respiration of new carbon reached zero by day 16.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root biomass, aboveground biomass, total dry weight and root-cap ratio declined as soil pH fell.

Taxon: Malus × domesticaMalus domesticat0
Treatment: soil pH valuee0
Outcome: biomass of root,above ground,total dry weight,root-cap ratioe0
Direction: decreasede0

Verbatim

e0
“biomass of root,above ground,total dry weight,root-cap ratio,net photosynthesis and15N utilization efficiency decreased with the decrease of soil pH value”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 369–523

t0
“Malus × domestica”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–101

Title

Effects of Soil pH on Growth,Distribution and Utilization of Carbon and Nitrogen of Malus × domestica‘Red Fuji'

GE Shun-fen Acta Horticulturae Sinica 2013

Other claims from this paper (5)

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Acetic acid correlated negatively with apple plant dry weight (r = -0.50).

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae0
Compound: acetice7
Outcome: plant dry weighte7
Direction: decreaseinferrede7
Value: -0.50e7

Verbatim

e0
“the growth of replant apple plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 111–145

e7
“The ingredients with the maximum correlations with the growth of apple trees are cytokinin(6BA),vitamin(VB12),Malic acid,amino acid and acetic,and the correlation coefficients with plant dry weight are 0.65,0.81,0.53,0.51 and-0.50 respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1167–1410

Title

Effects of fermentation time on contents of organic matter fermentation fluid ingredients and apple biomass.

Haibing Sun; Hu YanLi; Chen CueSen; et al. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizing Science 2012

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fine root dry weight of the G935 tree was insensitive to drought.

Taxon: Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
Material: G935e2
Outcome: Fine root (<2 mm diameter) dry weighte1
Qualifier: insensitivee2

Verbatim

e0
“we assessed the drought tolerance of 1-year-old apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees exposed to extreme water stress, focusing on growth and physiological responses”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–179

e1
“Fine root (<2 mm diameter) dry weight showed the greatest decrease in the CG5087 tree”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1182–1267

e2
“whereas the G935 tree was insensitive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1269–1306

Title

Drought Tolerance of ‘Fuji’ Apple Trees Grafted onto G, CG, or M Series Rootstocks: Growth and Physiology

Byeong-Ho Choi; Narayan Bhusal; Woo-Tae Jeong; et al. Horticultural Science and Technology 2020. doi:10.7235/hort.20200054

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Drought decreased the leaf water potential of apple trees dramatically.
Intervention effect Drought decreased the tree vertical growth rate of apple trees dramatically.
Association The growth rate decrease under drought was considerable in G202, G935 and M26 trees, which generally produced a large leaf area.
Intervention effect Drought reduced the trunk cross-sectional area of apple trees by almost 50%.
Intervention effect Drought reduced the leaf area of apple trees by more than 60%.
Intervention effect After 11 days of control-level irrigation, the leaf water potential of drought-stressed apple trees had not fully recovered to the control level.
Association Photosynthesis-related parameters decreased substantially as the soil water potential changed.
Observation Photosynthesis-related parameters did not noticeably differ among the apple trees.
Association Fine root dry weight showed the greatest decrease under drought in the CG5087 tree.
Observation The root:shoot biomass ratio of the CG5087 tree was 0.24.
Observation The root:shoot biomass ratio of the M26 tree was 0.23.
Observation The root:shoot biomass ratio of the G214 and CG4814 trees was 0.38.
Association The CG5087 tree was the most sensitive to drought stress among the rootstocks.
Association Drought tolerance was higher in G202, G214 and G935 trees than in M26 trees.
Association M26 trees had a drought tolerance comparable to G11, CG4814 and M9 trees.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Summer heading decreased new root growth.

Taxon: apple treesMalus domesticat0
Treatment: Summer headinge0
Outcome: new root growthe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Summer heading resulted in a significant increase in new shoot growth and decrease in new root growth.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 512–614

t0
“apple trees”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–94

Title

Rootstock and pruning effects on first season dry weight distribution in delicious apple trees

E. Young; D. J. Werner Journal of Horticultural Science 1984. doi:10.1080/00221589.1984.11515222

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Dormant heading increased new shoot dry weight during the first six weeks.
Intervention effect Dormant heading reduced new root dry weight during the first six weeks.
Observation By 12 weeks, new root and shoot dry weight differences were insignificant.
Intervention effect Summer heading significantly increased new shoot growth.
Intervention effect After summer heading, the root/shoot ratio returned to the unpruned value within six weeks.
Intervention effect Dormant heading reduced new root growth for longer on MM. 106 than on M.9.
Observation New shoot growth increased for longer on M.9.
Intervention effect Dormant heading significantly changed allometric constants for shoot relative to root growth on both rootstocks.
Intervention effect Summer heading shifted the allometric constants most toward new shoot growth.
Observation Root/shoot ratios did not differ among treatments and rootstocks at 24 weeks.

“dry weight decrease”

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