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“phytotoxicity effect”

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cucumber plants were suitable for detecting differences in oil phytotoxicity.

Taxon: Cucumber plantsCucumis sativuse0
Outcome: demonstrating differences in phyto‐toxic properties of the oilse0
Comparator: oilse0

Verbatim

e0
“Cucumber plants proved very suitable for demonstrating differences in phyto‐toxic properties of the oils”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 296–400

Title

PETROLEUM OIL FRACTIONS AS PLANT SPRAY MATERIALS THE EFFECT OF REFINING AN OIL UPON ITS DEGREE OF PHYTOTOXICITY

J. W. HERINGA; T. SWARBRICK Annals of Applied Biology 1952. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1952.tb00900.x

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Oil refining altered multiple oil physical and chemical properties and phototoxicity.
Intervention effect Oils refined to U.R. 82 or higher and specific gravity 0.885 or lower showed no cucumber phytotoxicity.
Method / resource Cucumber oil tests fairly agreed with Martin spray-oil specifications.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oils refined to U.R. 82 or higher and specific gravity 0.885 or lower showed no cucumber phytotoxicity.

Taxon: Cucumber plantsCucumis sativuse1
Treatment: Spindle oils refined to a U.R. of 82 or higher, and a specific gravity of 0.885 or lowere0
Outcome: phytotoxicitye0
Direction: no phytotoxicitye0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Spindle oils refined to a U.R. of 82 or higher, and a specific gravity of 0.885 or lower, showed no phytotoxicity in the tests on these plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 402–544

e1
“Cucumber plants proved very suitable”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 296–332

Title

PETROLEUM OIL FRACTIONS AS PLANT SPRAY MATERIALS THE EFFECT OF REFINING AN OIL UPON ITS DEGREE OF PHYTOTOXICITY

J. W. HERINGA; T. SWARBRICK Annals of Applied Biology 1952. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1952.tb00900.x

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Oil refining altered multiple oil physical and chemical properties and phototoxicity.
Method / resource Cucumber plants were suitable for detecting differences in oil phytotoxicity.
Method / resource Cucumber oil tests fairly agreed with Martin spray-oil specifications.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pre-sowing technical D.D.T. caused no tobacco phytotoxicity at 27 lb./acre.

Taxon: tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
Treatment: 27 lb./acre technical D.D.T.e0
Outcome: phytotoxic effecte0
Direction: Noe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“No phytotoxic effect was seen following a pre‐sowing spray of tobacco seed‐beds with 27 lb./acre technical D.D.T.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–113

Title

THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF D.D.T., B.H.C., PARATHION AND TOXAPHENE ON TOBACCO

D. G. ASHBY Annals of Applied Biology 1950. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1950.tb00987.x

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Technical D.D.T. at 75.6 lb./acre caused no phytotoxicity in three-week-old tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing parathion at 1–8 lb. per acre had no harmful effect.
Intervention effect Parathion at 22.7 lb./acre seriously stunted three-week-old tobacco seedlings and killed many.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing toxaphene at 6‐4 lb. per acre did not injure tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Parathion-treated beds showed no residual phytotoxicity on resowing four months later.
Intervention effect Toxaphene-treated beds showed no residual phytotoxicity on resowing four months later.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing B.H.C. above 1.6 lb. per acre suppressed root development in newly germinated tobacco.
Intervention effect B.H.C. dust at 2–25 lb. per acre temporarily distorted and stunted young tobacco seedlings.
Observation B.H.C. symptoms at up to 11 lb./acre were transitory.
Intervention effect At 37.5 lb./acre B.H.C. killed many plants and severely stunted the rest.
Association Resistance to B.H.C. phytotoxicity increased with tobacco plant age.
Intervention effect Technical B.H.C. at 75.6 lb./acre caused considerable mortality in three-week-old tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Beds resown four months after 6‐4 lb. technical B.H.C. per acre showed no visible phytotoxicity.
Intervention effect Beds resown four months after 12.8 lb. technical B.H.C. per acre showed no visible phytotoxicity.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The induction of resistance is authors-interpreted as closely related to phytotoxicity and to the sensitivity of the pathogen to the antibiotic.

Taxon: Thatcher wheate1
Outcome: induction of resistancee6
Qualifier: closely related to phytotoxicitye6

Verbatim

e1
“Streptomycin and chloramphenicol increased the resistance of Thatcher wheat to infection by Xanthomonas translucens (S.J. & R.) Hagb”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 196–328

e6
“The induction of resistance appears to be closely related to phytotoxicity and to the sensitivity of the pathogen to the same antibiotic”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 792–928

Title

THE EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON INFECTION OF WHEAT BY XANTHOMONAS TRANSLUCENS

W. A. F. Hagborg Canadian Journal of Microbiology 1956. doi:10.1139/m56-012

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Streptomycin increased the resistance of Thatcher wheat to infection by Xanthomonas translucens.
Intervention effect Chloramphenicol increased the resistance of Thatcher wheat to infection by Xanthomonas translucens.
Intervention effect Actidione (cycloheximide), griseofulvin and neomycin did not increase the resistance of Thatcher wheat to infection by Xanthomonas translucens.
Intervention effect All of the antibiotics reduced the dry weight per wheat plant.
Intervention effect Chloramphenicol reduced dry weight appreciably even though infection was controlled.
Intervention effect The reduction in dry weight was smallest with neomycin.
Intervention effect The reduction in dry weight was greatest with the higher concentrations of three forms of streptomycin tested.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Beds resown four months after 6‐4 lb. technical B.H.C. per acre showed no visible phytotoxicity.

Taxon: TOBACCONicotiana tabacumt0
Treatment: 6‐4e0
Outcome: phytotoxic effecte0
Direction: noe0
Qualifier: 4 monthse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Beds re‐sown 4 months after the application of 6‐4 and 12.8 lb. respectively of technical B.H.C. per acre showed no phytotoxic effect”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1411–1544

t0
“TOBACCO”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–76

Title

THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF D.D.T., B.H.C., PARATHION AND TOXAPHENE ON TOBACCO

D. G. ASHBY Annals of Applied Biology 1950. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1950.tb00987.x

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Pre-sowing technical D.D.T. caused no tobacco phytotoxicity at 27 lb./acre.
Intervention effect Technical D.D.T. at 75.6 lb./acre caused no phytotoxicity in three-week-old tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing parathion at 1–8 lb. per acre had no harmful effect.
Intervention effect Parathion at 22.7 lb./acre seriously stunted three-week-old tobacco seedlings and killed many.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing toxaphene at 6‐4 lb. per acre did not injure tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Parathion-treated beds showed no residual phytotoxicity on resowing four months later.
Intervention effect Toxaphene-treated beds showed no residual phytotoxicity on resowing four months later.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing B.H.C. above 1.6 lb. per acre suppressed root development in newly germinated tobacco.
Intervention effect B.H.C. dust at 2–25 lb. per acre temporarily distorted and stunted young tobacco seedlings.
Observation B.H.C. symptoms at up to 11 lb./acre were transitory.
Intervention effect At 37.5 lb./acre B.H.C. killed many plants and severely stunted the rest.
Association Resistance to B.H.C. phytotoxicity increased with tobacco plant age.
Intervention effect Technical B.H.C. at 75.6 lb./acre caused considerable mortality in three-week-old tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Beds resown four months after 12.8 lb. technical B.H.C. per acre showed no visible phytotoxicity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Beds resown four months after 12.8 lb. technical B.H.C. per acre showed no visible phytotoxicity.

Taxon: TOBACCONicotiana tabacumt0
Treatment: 12.8 lb. respectively of technical B.H.C. per acree0
Outcome: phytotoxic effecte0
Direction: noe0
Qualifier: 4 monthse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Beds re‐sown 4 months after the application of 6‐4 and 12.8 lb. respectively of technical B.H.C. per acre showed no phytotoxic effect”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1411–1544

t0
“TOBACCO”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–76

Title

THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF D.D.T., B.H.C., PARATHION AND TOXAPHENE ON TOBACCO

D. G. ASHBY Annals of Applied Biology 1950. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1950.tb00987.x

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Pre-sowing technical D.D.T. caused no tobacco phytotoxicity at 27 lb./acre.
Intervention effect Technical D.D.T. at 75.6 lb./acre caused no phytotoxicity in three-week-old tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing parathion at 1–8 lb. per acre had no harmful effect.
Intervention effect Parathion at 22.7 lb./acre seriously stunted three-week-old tobacco seedlings and killed many.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing toxaphene at 6‐4 lb. per acre did not injure tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Parathion-treated beds showed no residual phytotoxicity on resowing four months later.
Intervention effect Toxaphene-treated beds showed no residual phytotoxicity on resowing four months later.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing B.H.C. above 1.6 lb. per acre suppressed root development in newly germinated tobacco.
Intervention effect B.H.C. dust at 2–25 lb. per acre temporarily distorted and stunted young tobacco seedlings.
Observation B.H.C. symptoms at up to 11 lb./acre were transitory.
Intervention effect At 37.5 lb./acre B.H.C. killed many plants and severely stunted the rest.
Association Resistance to B.H.C. phytotoxicity increased with tobacco plant age.
Intervention effect Technical B.H.C. at 75.6 lb./acre caused considerable mortality in three-week-old tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Beds resown four months after 6‐4 lb. technical B.H.C. per acre showed no visible phytotoxicity.

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggested MCPA phytotoxicity with nutrients may arise from depletion of root available carbohydrate.

Taxon: Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato)Solanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acide0
Compound: ‘available carbohydrate’e0
Outcome: phytocidal effecte0

Verbatim

e0
“the phytocidal effect of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in the presence of nutrient may be due to depletion of the ‘available carbohydrate’ supplies in the roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2926–3092

t0
“Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 141–170

Title

The Influence of the Plant Growth-regulator, 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid, on the Metabolism of Carbohydrate, Nitrogen and Minerals inSolanum lycopersicum (Tomato)

A. RHODES Journal of Experimental Botany 1952. doi:10.1093/jxb/3.2.129

Other claims from this paper (19)

Method / resource Residual dry weight revealed features obscured by conventional reporting bases.
Intervention effect MCPA greatly inhibited tomato growth measured as residual dry weight soon after spraying, with and without nutrients.
Intervention effect MCPA greatly diminished tomato net assimilation rate.
Intervention effect MCPA appeared to diminish total nitrogen uptake to a smaller extent.
Intervention effect MCPA appeared to diminish P2O5 uptake to a smaller extent.
Mechanism The authors inferred a larger share of carbohydrate was used for amino-acid and protein synthesis under MCPA.
Intervention effect MCPA did not show evidence of depleting whole-plant available carbohydrate.
Observation Available carbohydrate rose steadily in every treatment throughout the experiment.
Intervention effect MCPA greatly reduced the rate of increase in available carbohydrate.
Observation Root available carbohydrate increased steadily without MCPA.
Observation Root available carbohydrate increased steadily under MCPA with water only.
Observation Under MCPA with nutrients, root available carbohydrate rose from 8 to about 10 mg per plant over two days.
Observation Under MCPA with nutrients, root available carbohydrate then fell to about 6 mg and stayed low.
Mechanism Reduced transport from tops was proposed as one contributor to root carbohydrate depletion.
Mechanism Relatively greater carbohydrate use was proposed as another contributor to depletion.
Recommendation The authors recommended MCPA when root carbohydrate reserves are minimal.
Intervention effect MCPA prevented net starch synthesis.
Intervention effect MCPA still permitted appreciable net sucrose formation.
Intervention effect MCPA appeared not to affect uptake of potassium, calcium or magnesium.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Technical D.D.T. at 75.6 lb./acre caused no phytotoxicity in three-week-old tobacco seedlings.

Taxon: tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
Organ / stage: 3‐week‐old tobacco seedlingse0
Treatment: 75.6 lb./acree0
Outcome: phytotoxic effecte0
Direction: Noe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“No phytotoxic effect was seen following a pre‐sowing spray of tobacco seed‐beds with 27 lb./acre technical D.D.T. or after an application of the same material at 75.6 lb./acre to 3‐week‐old tobacco seedlings.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–208

Title

THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF D.D.T., B.H.C., PARATHION AND TOXAPHENE ON TOBACCO

D. G. ASHBY Annals of Applied Biology 1950. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1950.tb00987.x

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Pre-sowing technical D.D.T. caused no tobacco phytotoxicity at 27 lb./acre.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing parathion at 1–8 lb. per acre had no harmful effect.
Intervention effect Parathion at 22.7 lb./acre seriously stunted three-week-old tobacco seedlings and killed many.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing toxaphene at 6‐4 lb. per acre did not injure tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Parathion-treated beds showed no residual phytotoxicity on resowing four months later.
Intervention effect Toxaphene-treated beds showed no residual phytotoxicity on resowing four months later.
Intervention effect Pre-sowing B.H.C. above 1.6 lb. per acre suppressed root development in newly germinated tobacco.
Intervention effect B.H.C. dust at 2–25 lb. per acre temporarily distorted and stunted young tobacco seedlings.
Observation B.H.C. symptoms at up to 11 lb./acre were transitory.
Intervention effect At 37.5 lb./acre B.H.C. killed many plants and severely stunted the rest.
Association Resistance to B.H.C. phytotoxicity increased with tobacco plant age.
Intervention effect Technical B.H.C. at 75.6 lb./acre caused considerable mortality in three-week-old tobacco seedlings.
Intervention effect Beds resown four months after 6‐4 lb. technical B.H.C. per acre showed no visible phytotoxicity.
Intervention effect Beds resown four months after 12.8 lb. technical B.H.C. per acre showed no visible phytotoxicity.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oil refining altered multiple oil physical and chemical properties and phototoxicity.

Taxon: Cucumber plantsCucumis sativuse1
Treatment: degree of refininge0
Outcome: phototoxicitye0

Verbatim

e0
“effect of degree of refining upon the specific gravity, viscosity, unsulphonatable mineral residue (U.R.), refractive index, average molecular weight, group analysis, sulphur content and phototoxicity of two spindle oil distillates”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 31–262

e1
“Cucumber plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 296–311

Title

PETROLEUM OIL FRACTIONS AS PLANT SPRAY MATERIALS THE EFFECT OF REFINING AN OIL UPON ITS DEGREE OF PHYTOTOXICITY

J. W. HERINGA; T. SWARBRICK Annals of Applied Biology 1952. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1952.tb00900.x

Other claims from this paper (3)

Method / resource Cucumber plants were suitable for detecting differences in oil phytotoxicity.
Intervention effect Oils refined to U.R. 82 or higher and specific gravity 0.885 or lower showed no cucumber phytotoxicity.
Method / resource Cucumber oil tests fairly agreed with Martin spray-oil specifications.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cucumber oil tests fairly agreed with Martin spray-oil specifications.

Taxon: Cucumber plantsCucumis sativuse1
Outcome: fair agreemente0
Comparator: specifications laid down by Dr H. Martin for spray oilse0

Verbatim

e0
“A fair agreement was found between the results of these tests and the specifications laid down by Dr H. Martin for spray oils”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 546–671

e1
“Cucumber plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 296–311

Title

PETROLEUM OIL FRACTIONS AS PLANT SPRAY MATERIALS THE EFFECT OF REFINING AN OIL UPON ITS DEGREE OF PHYTOTOXICITY

J. W. HERINGA; T. SWARBRICK Annals of Applied Biology 1952. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1952.tb00900.x

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Oil refining altered multiple oil physical and chemical properties and phototoxicity.
Method / resource Cucumber plants were suitable for detecting differences in oil phytotoxicity.
Intervention effect Oils refined to U.R. 82 or higher and specific gravity 0.885 or lower showed no cucumber phytotoxicity.

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“phytotoxicity effect”

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