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Foliage Injury, Nutrient Intake, and Yield of Soybeans as Influenced by Foliar Fertilization¹ 2

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

K-polyphosphate mix foliar spraying reduced soybean yield by 10.9% on average over two sites.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxe0
Treatment: Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/hae1
Outcome: yielde1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 10.9%e1
Qualifier: average (two sites)e1
Setting: Coastal Plain region of Georgiae7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 71–116

e1
“Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/ha resulted in an average (two sites) yield decrease of 10.9% for the K‐polyphosphate mix and 17.6% for the NH 4 ‐polyphosphate mix”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1004–1215

e7
“Field experiments were conducted on a Tifton sl (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudult) and on a Norfolk sl (siliceous, thermic, Typic Paleudult) in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 433–630

Title

Foliage Injury, Nutrient Intake, and Yield of Soybeans as Influenced by Foliar Fertilization¹

M. B. Parker; F. C. Boswell Agronomy Journal 1980. doi:10.2134/agronj1980.00021962007200010022x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect NH4-polyphosphate mix foliar spraying reduced soybean yield by 17.6% on average over two sites.
Intervention effect All foliar spray treatments damaged soybean foliage, most with repeated application.
Intervention effect Spray treatments did not affect soybean pod, whole-plant or seed weight, or seed quality.
Observation Absorption of applied nutrients into soybean leaf tissue and translocation to reproductive tissue were detected only in a few instances.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying increased nitrogen levels in soybean seeds only.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying increased phosphorus levels in soybean leaves only.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying did not change potassium levels in soybean.
Recommendation Foliar N, P, K and S fertilization of soybean does not appear practicable for increasing yields under the study conditions.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NH4-polyphosphate mix foliar spraying reduced soybean yield by 17.6% on average over two sites.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxe0
Treatment: Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/hae1
Outcome: yielde1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 17.6%e1
Qualifier: average (two sites)e1
Setting: Coastal Plain region of Georgiae7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 71–116

e1
“Three sprayings of a mixture containing 28, 2.9, 9.5, and 1.7 kg N, P, K, and S/ha resulted in an average (two sites) yield decrease of 10.9% for the K‐polyphosphate mix and 17.6% for the NH 4 ‐polyphosphate mix”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1004–1215

e7
“Field experiments were conducted on a Tifton sl (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudult) and on a Norfolk sl (siliceous, thermic, Typic Paleudult) in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 433–630

Title

Foliage Injury, Nutrient Intake, and Yield of Soybeans as Influenced by Foliar Fertilization¹

M. B. Parker; F. C. Boswell Agronomy Journal 1980. doi:10.2134/agronj1980.00021962007200010022x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect K-polyphosphate mix foliar spraying reduced soybean yield by 10.9% on average over two sites.
Intervention effect All foliar spray treatments damaged soybean foliage, most with repeated application.
Intervention effect Spray treatments did not affect soybean pod, whole-plant or seed weight, or seed quality.
Observation Absorption of applied nutrients into soybean leaf tissue and translocation to reproductive tissue were detected only in a few instances.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying increased nitrogen levels in soybean seeds only.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying increased phosphorus levels in soybean leaves only.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying did not change potassium levels in soybean.
Recommendation Foliar N, P, K and S fertilization of soybean does not appear practicable for increasing yields under the study conditions.

Simulation of Dehydration Injury to Membranes from Soybean Axes by Free Radicals 2

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Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher transition temperature was associated with lower phospholipid-to-sterol ratio.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxt0
Compound: phospholipide0
Outcome: phospholipid:sterol ratioe0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: increased phase transition temperaturee0

Verbatim

e0
“The increased phase transition temperature was associated with a decrease in the phospholipid:sterol ratio, and an increase in the free fatty acid:phospholipid ratio.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 656–822

t0
“Soybean Axes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 51–63

t1
“Soybean Axes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 51–63

Title

Simulation of Dehydration Injury to Membranes from Soybean Axes by Free Radicals

Tissa Senaratna; Bryan D. McKersie; Robert H. Stinson PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1985. doi:10.1104/pp.77.2.472

Other claims from this paper (6)

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher transition temperature was associated with higher free-fatty-acid-to-phospholipid ratio.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxt0
Compound: phospholipide0
Outcome: free fatty acid:phospholipid ratioe0
Direction: increasee0
Qualifier: increased phase transition temperaturee0

Verbatim

e0
“The increased phase transition temperature was associated with a decrease in the phospholipid:sterol ratio, and an increase in the free fatty acid:phospholipid ratio.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 656–822

t0
“Soybean Axes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 51–63

t1
“Soybean Axes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 51–63

Title

Simulation of Dehydration Injury to Membranes from Soybean Axes by Free Radicals

Tissa Senaratna; Bryan D. McKersie; Robert H. Stinson PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1985. doi:10.1104/pp.77.2.472

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Free radicals increased membrane lipid phase transition temperature from 7 to 14 degrees C in tolerant axes.
Intervention effect Free radicals increased membrane lipid phase transition temperature from 9 to 40 degrees C in susceptible axes.
Association Higher transition temperature was associated with lower phospholipid-to-sterol ratio.
Intervention effect Total fatty acid saturation did not change significantly under free radical treatment.
Mechanism Free radical exposure induced membrane phospholipid deesterification.
Observation Membranes from tolerant and susceptible axes differed in susceptibility to free radical injury.

Influence of Imazapyr on the Control of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with Chlorimuron, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr 2

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Imazapyr did not increase soybean injury with the other herbicides.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: Imazapyre0
Outcome: soybean injurye0
Direction: did not increasee0
Comparator: chlorimuron, imazaquin, or imazethapyre0

Verbatim

e0
“Imazapyr did not increase soybean injury or decrease yield provided by chlorimuron, imazaquin, or imazethapyr.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 994–1104

Title

Influence of Imazapyr on the Control of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with Chlorimuron, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

Dennis G. Riley; David R. Shaw Weed Science 1988. doi:10.1017/s0043174500075585

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Imazapyr alone at up to 4 g ai/ha gave little or no johnsongrass control.
Intervention effect Imazapyr alone at up to 4 g ai/ha gave little or no pitted morningglory control.
Intervention effect Adding imazapyr to imazethapyr or imazaquin synergistically increased johnsongrass control after eight weeks.
Intervention effect Adding imazapyr to imazethapyr or imazaquin synergistically increased pitted morningglory control after eight weeks.
Observation Enhancing johnsongrass control required higher imazethapyr or imazaquin rates than enhancing pitted morningglory control.
Intervention effect Imazapyr mixed with chlorimuron showed no synergistic increase in johnsongrass control.
Intervention effect Imazapyr mixed with chlorimuron showed no synergistic increase in pitted morningglory control.
Intervention effect Imazapyr mixtures controlled johnsongrass at least as well as the next higher herbicide-alone rate.
Intervention effect Imazapyr mixtures controlled pitted morningglory at least as well as the next higher herbicide-alone rate.
Intervention effect Imazapyr did not decrease soybean yield with the other herbicides.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Imazapyr did not decrease soybean yield with the other herbicides.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: Imazapyre0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: did not increasee0
Comparator: chlorimuron, imazaquin, or imazethapyre0

Verbatim

e0
“Imazapyr did not increase soybean injury or decrease yield provided by chlorimuron, imazaquin, or imazethapyr.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 994–1104

Title

Influence of Imazapyr on the Control of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with Chlorimuron, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

Dennis G. Riley; David R. Shaw Weed Science 1988. doi:10.1017/s0043174500075585

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Imazapyr alone at up to 4 g ai/ha gave little or no johnsongrass control.
Intervention effect Imazapyr alone at up to 4 g ai/ha gave little or no pitted morningglory control.
Intervention effect Adding imazapyr to imazethapyr or imazaquin synergistically increased johnsongrass control after eight weeks.
Intervention effect Adding imazapyr to imazethapyr or imazaquin synergistically increased pitted morningglory control after eight weeks.
Observation Enhancing johnsongrass control required higher imazethapyr or imazaquin rates than enhancing pitted morningglory control.
Intervention effect Imazapyr mixed with chlorimuron showed no synergistic increase in johnsongrass control.
Intervention effect Imazapyr mixed with chlorimuron showed no synergistic increase in pitted morningglory control.
Intervention effect Imazapyr mixtures controlled johnsongrass at least as well as the next higher herbicide-alone rate.
Intervention effect Imazapyr mixtures controlled pitted morningglory at least as well as the next higher herbicide-alone rate.
Intervention effect Imazapyr did not increase soybean injury with the other herbicides.

Dicamba Injury to Soybean 1

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean yield declined with increasing dicamba rate according to an exponential response equation.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: increasing rates of dicambae0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Comparator: rate = 0 g ha −1e1

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean yield in response to increasing rates of dicamba was described by equations of the form y = Aexp ( − bx )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 495–608

t0
“Soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 18–25

e1
“Soybean yield in response to increasing rates of dicamba was described by equations of the form y = Aexp ( − bx ), where y = yield, A = maximum yield (rate = 0 g ha −1 ), b is a constant, and x = rate of dicamba applied.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 495–715

Title

Dicamba Injury to Soybean

J. D. Weidenhamer; G. B. Triplett; F. E. Sobotka Agronomy Journal 1989. doi:10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100040017x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Association Height reduction was useful for assessing soybean yield reduction.
Association Seed number per hectare was useful for assessing soybean yield reduction.
Association Morphological symptoms were useful for assessing soybean yield reduction.
Association Except for Elf treated at midbloom, yield was not reduced without height reduction.
Intervention effect Soybean seed number per hectare decreased as dicamba rate increased.
Association Seed number per hectare was closely correlated with soybean yield.
Association Severe morphological injury symptoms indicated soybean yield reductions greater than 10%.
Intervention effect Terminal leaf crinkling and cupping occurred at dicamba rates below those causing yield reductions.

Effects of Chronic Doses of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Injury and Yield of Soybeans in Open‐Top Field Chambers¹ 1

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A typical ozone dose decreased soybean seed weight by 20% relative to the control dose.

Treatment: a dose of O 3 typical for soybean production arease0
Outcome: seed weighte0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 20%e0
Comparator: a control dose of 0.025 ppm O 3e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“a dose of O 3 typical for soybean production areas (seasonal 7—h day −1 mean of 0.055 ppm v/v) caused a seed weight decrease of 20% compared to a control dose of 0.025 ppm O 3”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 501–676

Title

Effects of Chronic Doses of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Injury and Yield of Soybeans in Open‐Top Field Chambers¹

Allen S. Heagle; Walter W. Heck; John O. Rawlings; et al. Crop Science 1983. doi:10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183x002300060037x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Regional sulfur dioxide levels caused no soybean injury or yield effect.
Intervention effect At high concentrations, combined pollutants had less effect than the sum of their separate effects.
Observation The dose response relationships were similar across two soil types.
Intervention effect Neither pollutant changed the dose response relationship of the other except at high concentrations.

INHERITANCE OF CELLULAR MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN TWO SOYBEAN POPULATIONS 1

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Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Early generation selection did not effectively decrease percent heat injury in Population 1.

Taxon: SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
Material: Population 1e0
Outcome: Ineffectiveness of early generation selection for decreased percent heat injurye0

Verbatim

e0
“Ineffectiveness of early generation selection for decreased percent heat injury was indicated in Population 1.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1885–1995

t0
“SOYBEAN”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–88

Title

INHERITANCE OF CELLULAR MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN TWO SOYBEAN POPULATIONS

George Michael Pollak Lincoln (University of Nebraska) 1983

Other claims from this paper (9)

“decrease of soybean injury”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics

Foliage Injury, Nutrient Intake, and Yield of Soybeans as Influenced by Foliar Fertilization¹ 2

Simulation of Dehydration Injury to Membranes from Soybean Axes by Free Radicals 2

Influence of Imazapyr on the Control of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with Chlorimuron, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr 2

Dicamba Injury to Soybean 1

Effects of Chronic Doses of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Injury and Yield of Soybeans in Open‐Top Field Chambers¹ 1

INHERITANCE OF CELLULAR MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN TWO SOYBEAN POPULATIONS 1

“decrease of soybean injury”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics

Foliage Injury, Nutrient Intake, and Yield of Soybeans as Influenced by Foliar Fertilization1 2

Simulation of Dehydration Injury to Membranes from Soybean Axes by Free Radicals 2

Influence of Imazapyr on the Control of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with Chlorimuron, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr 2

Dicamba Injury to Soybean 1

Effects of Chronic Doses of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Injury and Yield of Soybeans in Open‐Top Field Chambers1 1

INHERITANCE OF CELLULAR MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN TWO SOYBEAN POPULATIONS 1

Foliage Injury, Nutrient Intake, and Yield of Soybeans as Influenced by Foliar Fertilization¹ 2

Effects of Chronic Doses of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Injury and Yield of Soybeans in Open‐Top Field Chambers¹ 1