e0
“salt stress caused a similar decrease in leaf relative water content in both maize cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1089

Title

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN TWO MAIZE CULTIVARS

Nuran Çiçek; Hüsnü Çakırlar http://obzor.bio21.bas.bg/ipp/gapbfiles/v-28/02_1-2_66-74.pdf 2002

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Increasing salt stress reduced shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and leaf area in both maize cultivars.
Intervention effect Proline, sodium, sodium to potassium ratio, and leaf osmolality increased with salt stress.
Intervention effect Leaf potassium did not change significantly as salt stress increased.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought significantly decreased maize relative water content.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment: drought conditione0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“drought condition caused a significant decrease in biomass, total chlorophyll, relative water content (RWC) of the plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 863–983

t0
“Zea mays seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–67

Title

Simulated drought influences oxidative stress in Zea mays seedlings

E.N Iwuala; R.N. Kanu; A.A Ajiboye; et al. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2016. doi:10.4314/bajopas.v9i1.29

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Drought significantly decreased maize biomass.
Intervention effect Drought significantly decreased maize total chlorophyll.
Intervention effect Drought significantly increased maize MDA level.
Intervention effect Drought significantly increased catalase peroxidase activity in maize.
Mechanism The authors conclude that drought impaired plant water absorption.
Mechanism The authors conclude that drought induced oxidative stress in plants.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Osmotic stress decreased seedling relative water content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: osmotic stresst0
Outcome: seedling relative water content (RWC)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“a decrease in seedling relative water content (RWC)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1102–1153

t0
“osmotic stress resistance by improving leaf photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant capacity in maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–144

Title

Exogenous application of 5-NGS increased osmotic stress resistance by improving leaf photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant capacity in maize

Deguang Yang; Zhifeng Gao; Yuqi Liu; et al. PeerJ 2024. doi:10.7717/peerj.17474

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Osmotic stress inhibited growth and weakened photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity.
Intervention effect Osmotic stress increased proline and soluble sugar contents.
Intervention effect 5-NGS alleviated growth inhibition, especially belowground biomass, whose dry mass changed less than 5%.
Intervention effect 5-NGS increased relative water content under osmotic stress.
Intervention effect 5-NGS restored net photosynthetic rate under osmotic stress.
Intervention effect 5-NGS increased chlorophyll content, electron transport and intercellular CO2 concentration.
Intervention effect Aboveground antioxidant enzyme activity recovered under 5-NGS.
Intervention effect Aboveground malondialdehyde decreased approximately 25%.
Intervention effect Aboveground hydrogen peroxide decreased approximately 25%.
Intervention effect Underground antioxidant enzyme activity changed more strongly.
Intervention effect Underground MDA decreased more than 50%.
Intervention effect Underground hydrogen peroxide decreased more than 50%.
Intervention effect 5-NGS increased proline content more than 30%.
Mechanism 5-NGS promoted photosynthate accumulation and resource distribution.
Recommendation Authors conclude foliar 5-NGS may improve osmotic stress tolerance.

Association 8

Show all 8 →

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In maize under elevated CO2, leaf relative water content starts to decrease at a lower FTSW threshold than in wheat (0.21 vs 0.43).

Taxon: maizeZea mayse5
Treatment: e[CO 2 ]e5
Outcome: leaf relative water contente6
Direction: starts to decreasee6
Value: 0.21 vs 0.43e6
Comparator: wheate5

Verbatim

e5
“After onset of progressive soil drying, maize plants in e[CO 2 ] showed lower FTSW thresholds than wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 795–899

e6
“at which e.g. g s (0.31 vs 0.40) and leaf relative water content (0.21 vs 0.43) starts to decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 901–999

Title

Elevated CO2 enhanced water use efficiency of wheat to progressive drought stress but not on maize

Qingjun Cao; Gang Li; Fulai Liu Frontiers in Plant Science 2022. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.953712

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Under non-drought stress, elevated CO2 increased the net photosynthetic rate only in wheat.
Intervention effect Under non-drought stress, elevated CO2 increased dry matter accumulation in wheat and maize.
Intervention effect Under non-drought stress, elevated CO2 decreased stomatal conductance and water consumption.
Intervention effect Under non-drought stress, elevated CO2 enhanced WUE by 27.82% in maize.
Intervention effect Under non-drought stress, elevated CO2 enhanced WUE by 49.86% in wheat.
Association After onset of progressive soil drying, maize under elevated CO2 showed lower FTSW thresholds than wheat.
Association In maize under elevated CO2, stomatal conductance starts to decrease at a lower FTSW threshold than in wheat (0.31 vs 0.40).
Association The authors interpret elevated CO2 as conferring greater drought resistance in maize.
Association Under combined elevated CO2 and drought, enhanced WUE was found only in wheat.
Association Under combined elevated CO2 and drought, DMA increased in wheat.
Association Under combined elevated CO2 and drought, water consumption was unaffected in wheat.
Recommendation The authors recommend developing specific water management strategies to optimize crop WUE for different species under future drier, CO2-enriched conditions.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf relative water content decreased with salt, but the decline was not significant.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: increasing salte0
Outcome: Leaf relative water contente0
Direction: decreasede0

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf relative water content decreased with increasing salt, but this decrease was not significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–957

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 103–108

Title

Effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and proline content on maize in salt stress

D. Molazem; Ali Bashirzadeh; Maryam Fathollahzadeh Ardabili 2014

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Salinity levels significantly differed for height, chlorophyll a, leaf area index and proline.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid significantly affected chlorophyll a.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid effects on other measured traits were not significant.
Association Plant height declined significantly as soil salt increased.
Intervention effect Minimum height at the third salinity level was 111 cm, without significant difference from 50 mM.
Intervention effect Salinity levels 50 and 100 mM did not significantly differ.
Intervention effect Chlorophyll a was lowest at 100 mM salinity, at 0.2001 mg per g fresh leaf weight.
Association Leaf area decreased with increasing salinity.
Observation Proline was highest in normal conditions at 1.351 mmol per g fresh leaf weight.
Association Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b correlated positively and significantly.
Association Chlorophyll a and proline had a nonsignificant negative correlation.
Association Leaf area index correlated positively with water content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced relative water content was accompanied by increased stomatal resistance and leaf temperature.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: leafe0
Outcome: stomatal resistance and leaf temperaturee0
Direction: increasee0
Qualifier: decrease in RWCe0

Verbatim

e0
“The decrease in RWC was accompanied by an increase in stomatal resistance and leaf temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1873–1967

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63

Title

Salicylic acid improved lead and zinc stress tolerance in maize by enhancement of growth and physiological characters

Farid Shekari; Hamze Mirzaie; Mohammad Amir Delavar; et al. Plant Growth Regulation 2025. doi:10.1007/s10725-025-01346-y

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Under unstressed conditions, maize photosynthesis increased from early growth to tasseling.
Intervention effect Under metal stress, maize photosynthesis decreased over time.
Intervention effect Combined metals caused a more pronounced decline in maize photosynthesis than individual metals.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid mitigated the effects of heavy metal stress on maize.
Intervention effect Seed priming was more effective than foliar spraying in maize early growth.
Intervention effect Seed priming and foliar spraying did not differ significantly at tasseling.
Intervention effect Hydropriming showed no advantage over control.
Intervention effect Distilled water spraying showed no advantage over control.
Intervention effect Heavy metal stress reduced leaf area, stomatal size, vascular bundle and mesophyll diameter, and biomass.
Intervention effect Heavy metal stress increased stomatal frequency and leaf thickness.
Intervention effect Stress decreased maize relative water content.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid alleviated maize relative water content damage under stress.
Intervention effect High-concentration salicylic acid increased maize biomass.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid increased pigment content, photosynthetic rate and leaf area expansion.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid reduced leaf thickness.

Mechanism 1

Show all 1 →

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf aging and declining chlorophyll and absorbance accompanied a decrease in maize Pn.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: maize Pne0
Qualifier: leaves would age, and the gradual decrease of chlorophyll relative content and Abe0

Verbatim

e0
“As the growth period progressed, the leaves would age, and the gradual decrease of chlorophyll relative content and Ab led to a gradual decrease in maize Pn.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1670–1827

Title

Optimization of water and fertilizer management on the intercropping system between maize and mung bean to improve photosynthetic characteristics & water use and to increase plant yield

Mengfan Gao; Xinxin Wang; Renqiang Chen; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2025. doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1597198

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Maize leaf area index and chlorophyll content rose then fell with emergence time.
Observation Mung bean leaf area index and chlorophyll content rose then fell with emergence time.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised maize leaf area index by 5.99%–36.70%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised mung bean leaf area index by 27.43%–28.72%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised maize chlorophyll content by 2.31%–3.47%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised mung bean chlorophyll content by 4.59%–4.63%.
Intervention effect Irrigation treatment raised maize leaf area index by 9.73%–33.42% versus I 0.
Intervention effect Irrigation treatment raised mung bean leaf area index by 6.60%–17.39% versus I 0.
Intervention effect Irrigation treatment raised maize chlorophyll content by 2.75%–12.68% versus I 0.
Intervention effect Irrigation treatment raised mung bean chlorophyll content by 4.14%–9.12% versus I 0.
Observation Gas exchange and absorbance first rose and then fell over emergence time in maize and mung bean.
Observation Maize net photosynthetic rate increased by 5.04%–47.12%.
Observation Mung bean net photosynthetic rate increased by 11.29%–26.60%.
Association Maize Pn correlated strongly with chlorophyll content and absorbance.
Observation Three-dimensional Pn curves with chlorophyll content and absorbance were S-shaped.
Association Crop water use efficiency rose then fell with increasing irrigation volume.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer significantly improved water use efficiency in the intercrop.
Recommendation Authors conclude combined organic fertilizer and irrigation can improve grain output and quality.

Observation 1

Show all 1 →

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The improved lines had higher relative water content under drought.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome: RWCe0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: under drought stresse0

Verbatim

e0
“This improvement was related to the enhancement of water-retention ability, as indicated by higher RWC and the reduction in damage, as shown by the decrease in REL, MDA, and H2O2 under drought stress.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1755–1955

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60

Title

Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding of Drought-Tolerant Maize Lines Transformed by Vacuolar H+-Pyrophosphatase Gene (AnVP1) from Ammopiptanthus nanus

Yang Cao; Haoqiang Yu; Xin Guo; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14060926

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resource The marker set comprised 103 InDel markers for background selection.
Observation AnVP1 became homozygous in BC2 lines after selection.
Observation Recurrent parent background recovery averaged 74.80% in BC1.
Observation Recurrent parent background recovery averaged 91.93% in BC2.
Observation AnVP1 expression was stable in line BC2-36-12.
Observation AnVP1 expression was stable in line BC2-5-15.
Intervention effect The two BC2F3 lines showed significantly improved drought tolerance against Chang 7-2.
Observation REL, MDA and H2O2 decreased under drought stress in the improved lines.
Observation Field evaluations in two arid and semi-arid environments indicated improved drought tolerance of Chang 7-2.
Recommendation The authors propose crossing improved Chang 7-2 with Zheng 58 to develop Zhengdan 958.

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“decrease in relative water content”

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Intervention effect 72

Association 8

Mechanism 1

Observation 1