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“magnitude of decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Emergence percentage fell as sowing depth increased, more strongly for smaller seeded grasses.

Taxon: all speciese0
Treatment: increased sowing depthe0
Outcome: emergence percentagee0
Direction: decreasede0
Qualifier: ·greater with smaller seeded grassese0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“For all species, emergence percentage decreased with increased sowing depth but the magnitude of this decrease was ·greater with smaller seeded grasses.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1060

Title

Effects of sowing depth and additional nitrogen on emergence and establishment of a range of New Zealand pasture grasses

D. R. Porter; R.J. Lucas; M. Andrews 1993

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Additional nitrogen did not affect grass emergence or establishment percentages.
Association Grass emergence percentage correlated positively with mean seed weight at all depths.
Intervention effect Survival of emerged plants over winter generally rose with sowing depth.
Association Grass establishment percentage was positively correlated with mean seed weight across depths.
Intervention effect Establishment percentage generally fell as sowing depth increased.
Observation Species and depth effects on emergence at 10 and 30 mm were similar under controlled and field conditions.
Intervention effect Nitrate did not affect emergence at 10 mm depth.
Intervention effect Nitrate decreased emergence percentage by 15% at 30 mm depth.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher light 2 intensity shortened the time for guard cell chloroplasts to attain the new ratio.

Taxon: Saxifraga cernuaSaxifraga cernuae7
Organ / stage: guard cell chloroplastse0
Treatment: increase in light 2 intensitye0
Outcome: time required to establish the new ratioe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“An increase in light 2 intensity caused an increase in the magnitude of the F730/F695 ratio for both chloroplast types and, for guard cell chloroplasts, a decrease in the time required to establish the new ratio.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 586–798

e7
“prepared from Saxifraga cernua”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 157–187

Title

The Kinetics of in Vivo State Transitions in Mesophyll and Guard Cell Chloroplasts Monitored by 77 K Fluorescence Emission Spectra

Bruce T. Mawson; W. Raymond Cummins PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1986. doi:10.1104/pp.82.4.873

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Light 2 raised two fluorescence ratios within minutes.
Observation Mesophyll chloroplasts established state 2 more rapidly than guard cell chloroplasts.
Intervention effect Higher light 2 intensity increased the F730/F695 ratio in both chloroplast types.
Intervention effect DCMU-treated mesophyll and epidermal tissues did not transition to state 2.
Intervention effect NaF-treated tissues reached state 2 but could not return to state 1.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ADP with arsenate decreased ΔpH by up to 0.4 unit.

Treatment: ADPe0
Outcome: ΔpHe0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 0.4 unite0
Qualifier: In the presence of arsenatee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In the presence of arsenate, ΔpH was decreased by ADP up to 0.4 unit and this decrease was prevented by phlorizin, an energy transfer inhibitor.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 532–676

Title

Effects of Adenine Nucleotides and of Photophosphorylation on H+ Uptake and the Magnitude of the H+ Gradient in Illuminated Chloroplasts

Archie R. Portis; Richard E. McCarty Journal of Biological Chemistry 1974. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42246-1

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Saturating ADP with arsenate decreased steady-state H+ uptake in illuminated chloroplasts.
Intervention effect ATP or ADP without arsenate enhanced the light-induced chloroplast H+ gradient by 0.15 to 0.2 unit.
Intervention effect Phlorizin prevented the ADP-associated ΔpH decrease.
Association With reduced light intensity or added uncoupler, phosphorylation rates fell faster than ΔpH.
Association A 0.3 to 0.34 unit decrease in ΔpH accompanied a 10-fold decrease in phosphorylation rate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in ear dry weight.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: 90-21-3e1
Treatment: natural potassium deficiency fielde1
Outcome: ear dry weighte0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: D937e1

Verbatim

e0
“A small decrease in ear dry weight,the length of no kernels ear increased slightly,the magnitude of yield reduction was small,potassium use efficiency was higher”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1357

t0
“Maize Inbred Lines”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–51

e1
“Typical maize inbred lines tolerant to K+ deficiency(90-21-3) and sensitive to K+ deficiency(D937) as materials,through direct seeding in natural potassium deficiency field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–439

Title

Physiological Characteristics of Maize Inbred Lines Tolerant to Low Potassium from Filling Stage to Maturity

Cao Min‐jian Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 2011

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in root dry weight and average root length.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Root volume,root surface area and the average diameter of root.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in leaf area.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Roots,leaves,ear.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in stem.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Potassium content of leaves and leaf sheaths.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in length of no kernels ear.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in yield.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in potassium use efficiency.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FYM reduced root Cd content by 17.91 percent.

Taxon: spinach beett0
Organ / stage: roote0
Treatment: FYM @ 20 t ha-1e0
Outcome: Cd contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 17.91 percente0
Comparator: F0e0

Verbatim

e0
“However, significantly lowest Cd content was found due to application of FYM @ 20 t ha-1 over F0 during 1st, 2nd and 3rd cutting with magnitude in decrease by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent, respectively in leaves and 17.91 percent in root.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1010–1249

t0
“spinach beet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–110

Title

Effect of Fym, Zn and Trichoderma spp. on content and uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd by spinach beet grown in Cd contaminated soil

MM Barvaliya; AP Italiya; Patel Kh; et al. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet N content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet P content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet K content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Fe content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Mn content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Cu content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Zn content.
Intervention effect FYM reduced leaf Cd content by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent across cuttings.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected N, P and K content except second-cut K.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected Fe content except in later cuttings.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf Cu and Cd and root Cd content.
Intervention effect Z2 produced higher nutrient concentrations.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf nutrient uptake in all cuttings.
Intervention effect Zinc at 5 mg kg-1 gave highest leaf nutrient uptake.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A higher N application rate gave a higher NA level in the subtending leaf.

Taxon: Gossypium HirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: Higher N application ratee6
Outcome: NA levele6
Direction: highere6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 65–95

e6
“Higher N application rate can sustain a higher NA level in its subtending leaf, leading to the less decrease magnitude of fiber length, strength, maturity, micronaire in late flowering dates”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1429–1619

Title

Effect Of Nitrogen Rates And Flowering Dates On Fiber Quality Of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)

Zhao, Wenqing; Wang, Youhua; Zhou, Zhiguo; et al. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2012. doi:10.5281/zenodo.8128

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect N fertilization rates significantly affected cotton fiber quality.
Intervention effect Flowering dates significantly affected cotton fiber quality.
Association The N rate by flowering date interaction significantly affected NA.
Intervention effect N fertilization rates significantly affected NA.
Intervention effect For bolls flowering before August 25 at MDTBMP above 21°C, 240 kg N ha-1 gave the optimal NA for fiber quality formation.
Intervention effect For bolls flowering after September 10 at MDTBMP below 21°C, 480 kg N ha-1 gave the optimal NA for fiber quality development.
Intervention effect A higher N application rate gave a smaller decrease in fiber quality in late flowering dates.
Recommendation 240 kg N ha-1 is the recommended N application strategy for optimal cotton quality.
Recommendation Supplemental N fertilizer could diminish the negative influence of climate stress on fiber quality in later flowering.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under light, the direction of rotation changed in some cases.

Taxon: Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
Treatment: under lighte1
Outcome: changes in the direction of rotatione1
Qualifier: in some casese1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“three-week old Helianthus annuus in the 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 45–114

e1
“Additionally, under light, there occurred a subsequent decrease in the magnitude, disturbance of circumnutation trajectory and, in some cases, changes in the direction of rotation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1053–1232

Title

Complex relationship between growth and circumnutations inHelianthus annuusstem

Maria Stolarz; Elzbieta Krol; Halina Dziubinska; et al. Plant Signaling & Behavior 2008. doi:10.4161/psb.3.6.5714

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Circumnutation of sunflower stems was weak in the light stage compared with the dark stage, where it reached a high level.
Intervention effect In the light stage, growth rate reached the same high level as in the dark stage.
Intervention effect In the light stage, stem circumnutation was downregulated more strongly than growth.
Intervention effect Switching off the light increased growth and circumnutation rate.
Intervention effect Switching the light on caused an immediate transient decrease in growth rate.
Intervention effect Switching the light on resulted in stem contraction.
Intervention effect Switching the light on was accompanied by an almost complete pause of circumnutation.
Intervention effect Under light, the magnitude of circumnutation subsequently decreased.
Intervention effect Under light, circumnutation trajectory was disturbed.
Mechanism Stem contraction and disturbance of circumnutation imply turgor changes in the sunflower stem.
Association Disturbances of growth rate are accompanied by changes in circumnutation parameters.
Association There is no simple quantitative relation between growth rate and circumnutation rate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FYM reduced leaf Cd content by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent across cuttings.

Taxon: spinach beett0
Organ / stage: leavese0
Treatment: FYM @ 20 t ha-1e0
Outcome: Cd contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percente0
Comparator: F0e0

Verbatim

e0
“However, significantly lowest Cd content was found due to application of FYM @ 20 t ha-1 over F0 during 1st, 2nd and 3rd cutting with magnitude in decrease by 9.06, 16.22 and 10.37 percent, respectively in leaves and 17.91 percent in root.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1010–1249

t0
“spinach beet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–110

Title

Effect of Fym, Zn and Trichoderma spp. on content and uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd by spinach beet grown in Cd contaminated soil

MM Barvaliya; AP Italiya; Patel Kh; et al. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet N content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet P content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet K content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Fe content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Mn content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Cu content.
Intervention effect FYM at 20 t ha-1 gave highest spinach beet Zn content.
Intervention effect FYM reduced root Cd content by 17.91 percent.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected N, P and K content except second-cut K.
Intervention effect Trichoderma significantly affected Fe content except in later cuttings.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf Cu and Cd and root Cd content.
Intervention effect Z2 produced higher nutrient concentrations.
Intervention effect Trichoderma affected leaf nutrient uptake in all cuttings.
Intervention effect Zinc at 5 mg kg-1 gave highest leaf nutrient uptake.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shading the foliage delayed berry growth.

Taxon: Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
Treatment: Shading the foliagee1
Outcome: berry growthe1
Direction: delaye1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Grape vines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) were selectively shaded with polypropylene doth to separate the effects of shading fruit from the effects of shading foliage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–179

e1
“Shading the foliage led to both a delay and a decrease in berry growth. Leaf shading also affected the timing and the magnitude of sugar accumulation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 303–452

Title

Differential effects of shading fruit or foliage on the development and composition of grape berries

Rojas-Lara, B. A.; Morrison, Janice C. Julius Kühn-Institut 2015. doi:10.5073/vitis.1989.28.199-208

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Shading the foliage decreased berry growth.
Association Leaf shading affected the timing and magnitude of sugar accumulation in berries.
Intervention effect Shading reduced total sugar per berry more than it reduced sugar concentration.
Intervention effect Rate of pre-veraison malate accumulation was lower with increasing foliage shade than in fully sun-exposed vines.
Intervention effect Maximum malate content at veraison was lower with increasing foliage shade than in fully sun-exposed vines.
Intervention effect Rate of post-veraison malate loss was highest in fully sun-exposed vines.
Intervention effect Tartaric acid was significantly lower in fruit of heavily shaded vines than in more exposed treatments.
Association Leaf shading was significantly associated with increased potassium concentration in the fruit.
Association Juice pH was more closely correlated with tartaric acid and potassium concentrations than with malate content.
Intervention effect Grapes from heavily shaded vines had the highest pH.
Intervention effect Anthocyanin accumulation was affected more by cluster shading than by leaf shading.
Intervention effect Shaded fruit had significantly less anthocyanin than sun-exposed fruit.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zn plus K increased grain Zn by an average 31.3 relative to foliar Zn alone.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Zn+Ke0
Outcome: grain Zne1
Direction: increasese0
Value: 31.3e0
Comparator: foliar Zn-only treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“average increases following Zn+K (31.3), Zn+P (18.7), and Zn+N (26.5 mg kg-1) treatments relative to that observed in foliar Zn-only treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1400–1542

e1
“magnitude of the increase/decrease in grain Zn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1283–1329

t0
“winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–97

Title

Effects of Zn, macronutrients, and their interactions through foliar applications on winter wheat grain nutritional quality

Shaoxia Wang; Meng Li; Ke Liu; et al. PLoS ONE 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181276

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Foliar Zn alone increased grain Zn concentration by 95.7% across six site-years.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with N increased grain Zn concentration by 101%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with P increased grain Zn concentration by 67.9%.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn with K increased grain Zn concentration by 121%.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with N for increasing grain Zn at Sanyuan.
Association Foliar Zn interacted positively with K for increasing grain Zn at Yangling.
Association Foliar Zn interacted negatively with P for increasing grain Zn under all tested conditions.
Observation Interaction effects on grain Zn were much smaller than the average treatment increases.
Intervention effect Zn plus P increased grain Zn by an average 18.7 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Zn plus N increased grain Zn by an average 26.5 mg kg-1 relative to foliar Zn alone.
Intervention effect Combining foliar Zn with N, P or K did not adversely affect grain yield and other nutritional quality.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain yield in some cases.
Intervention effect Combined foliar nutrient applications slightly increased grain macronutrient concentrations in some cases.
Intervention effect Foliar Zn lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 52.0% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus N lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 53.1% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus P lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 43.4% versus control.
Intervention effect Zn plus K lowered grain phytic acid:Zn molar ratios by 63.5% versus control.
Observation These treatment effects were consistent across four years and three soil N rates.
Recommendation The authors prefer including Zn in foliar N or K applications for dietary Zn intake.

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“magnitude of decrease”

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