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“dry weight decrease”

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plus 2 earlier · 1920s–1940s

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

SADH spraying significantly increased starch content in the whole plant, bark, wood and roots of young apple trees.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae0
Organ / stage: whole plant, bark, wood and rootse3
Treatment: 2 000 ppm of SADHe0
Outcome: starch contente3
Direction: increasee3
Comparator: unsprayed controlse2

Verbatim

e0
“Spraying young apple trees with 2 000 ppm of SADH resulted in a rapid decrease in the elongation growth of the apical meristem”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 7–133

e2
“Within at least four weeks after the application no difference was observed in the total dry weight of the plants compared to unsprayed controls”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 135–279

e3
“there was a significant increase in the starch content in the whole plant, bark, wood and roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 290–385

Title

Effect of Succinic Acid 2, 2-Dimethyl Hydrazide (SADH) on Starch Accumulation in Young Apple Trees

S. D. Filipovich; R. N. Rowe Journal of Horticultural Science 1977. doi:10.1080/00221589.1977.11514764

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Spraying young apple trees with SADH decreased elongation growth of the apical meristem.
Intervention effect SADH spraying did not change the total dry weight of young apple trees within at least four weeks after application.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

March girdling on MM 106 rootstock gave the highest increases in fruiting and quality traits.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Material: MM 106 rootstocke0
Treatment: girdling old shoots on mid-Marche0
Outcome: fruit set %, spurs number, leaf areae0
Direction: highest increasee0

Verbatim

e0
“girdling old shoots on mid-March treatment of the some trees onto MM 106 rootstock signiﬁcantly gave the highest increase of fruit set %, spurs number, leaf area, dry matter %, fruit weight, volume, diameter and length, total soluble solids (TSS %) and total carbohydrates %, C/N ratio, ABA and IAA, while gave significant decrease in fruit firmness, acidity, leaf N content in the ist and 2nd seasons.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 986–1388

t0
“APPLE TREES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–82

Title

EFFECT OF BENDING AND GIRDLING SHOOTS ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF "ANNA" APPLE TREES GRAFTED ON TWO APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

Eman Kandil,; A. Hussein; I. Saied Journal of Plant Production 2006. doi:10.21608/jpp.2006.235789

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Most bending and girdling treatments increased fruit set, spur number, and leaf area relative to control.
Intervention effect Treatments increased fruit weight, volume, diameter and length.
Intervention effect Treatments increased dry matter, soluble solids, carbohydrates, C/N ratio and hormones.
Intervention effect Treatments reduced fruit firmness, acidity and total nitrogen.
Observation November bending on Malus rootstock gave the highest increase in fruit set, spur number, leaf area, dry matter, fruit traits, solids, carbohydrate ratio and hormones.
Recommendation The authors recommend November bending on Malus and March girdling on MM 106.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Stress significantly reduced stomatal and mesophyll conductance.

Taxon: pomegranatePunica granatume0 t0 e1 e2
Treatment: stress conditionse0 t0 e1 e2
Outcome: stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductancee0 t0 e1 e2
Direction: reducede0 t0 e1 e2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 755–845

t0
“Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–197

e1
“Under stress conditions, the photosynthetic capacity of two pomegranate cultivars, including transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 573–845

e2
“decrease in root morphological traits such as fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–954

Title

Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses

Saeedeh Zarbakhsh; Ali Reza Shahsavar BMC Plant Biology 2023. doi:10.1186/s12870-023-04568-2

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Stress significantly reduced transpiration, net photosynthesis, and intercellular CO2.
Intervention effect Stress decreased root fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume.
Intervention effect Stress decreased aerial fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect GABA reversed stress effects on growth parameters.
Intervention effect GABA maintained photosynthetic capacity under stress.
Intervention effect GABA increased total soluble carbohydrate, starch, and glucose.
Intervention effect GABA increased fructose and sucrose.
Intervention effect GABA increased uptake of potassium, potassium/sodium, and magnesium.
Intervention effect GABA increased uptake of phosphorus, manganese, zinc, and iron.
Intervention effect GABA up to 40 mM prevented sodium and chloride uptake.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity increased proline content by 84-131%.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: Salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl)e2
Outcome: proline contente2
Direction: increasee2
Value: 84-131%e2
Comparator: control (no stress conditions)e2

Verbatim

t0
“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–125

e2
“Under salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl), a significant decrease in the germination percentage (2-11%), seedling dry weight (17-29%), total seedling length (17-26%), seed vigour index I (19-32%), seed vigour index II (18-35%), and chlorophyll content (24-55%) was detected, whereas a significant increase in the proline content (84-131%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (20-32%), and catalase (CAT) activity (1…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1585

Title

STANDARDIZING THE APPROPRIATE DOSES OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) SEEDS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

T. GHOSH; S.K. YADAV; S. YADAV; et al. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2025. doi:10.15666/aeer/2303_58595881

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater germination (92%) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index I (1399) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index II (1813) than the controls.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato germination percentage by 2-11%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato seedling dry weight by 17-29%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato total seedling length by 17-26%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index I by 19-32%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index II by 18-35%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased chlorophyll content by 24-55%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased superoxide dismutase activity by 20-32%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased catalase activity by 19-39%.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming increased chlorophyll production, antioxidative mechanisms and osmotic regulation in tomato seedlings.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation accumulation in tomato seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity increased catalase activity by 19-39%.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: Salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl)e2
Outcome: catalase (CAT) activitye2
Direction: increasee2
Value: 19-39%e2
Comparator: control (no stress conditions)e2

Verbatim

t0
“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–125

e2
“Under salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl), a significant decrease in the germination percentage (2-11%), seedling dry weight (17-29%), total seedling length (17-26%), seed vigour index I (19-32%), seed vigour index II (18-35%), and chlorophyll content (24-55%) was detected, whereas a significant increase in the proline content (84-131%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (20-32%), and catalase (CAT) activity (1…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1585

Title

STANDARDIZING THE APPROPRIATE DOSES OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) SEEDS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

T. GHOSH; S.K. YADAV; S. YADAV; et al. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2025. doi:10.15666/aeer/2303_58595881

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater germination (92%) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index I (1399) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index II (1813) than the controls.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato germination percentage by 2-11%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato seedling dry weight by 17-29%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato total seedling length by 17-26%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index I by 19-32%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index II by 18-35%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased chlorophyll content by 24-55%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased proline content by 84-131%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased superoxide dismutase activity by 20-32%.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming increased chlorophyll production, antioxidative mechanisms and osmotic regulation in tomato seedlings.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation accumulation in tomato seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity increased superoxide dismutase activity by 20-32%.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: Salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl)e2
Outcome: superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye2
Direction: increasee2
Value: 20-32%e2
Comparator: control (no stress conditions)e2

Verbatim

t0
“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–125

e2
“Under salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl), a significant decrease in the germination percentage (2-11%), seedling dry weight (17-29%), total seedling length (17-26%), seed vigour index I (19-32%), seed vigour index II (18-35%), and chlorophyll content (24-55%) was detected, whereas a significant increase in the proline content (84-131%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (20-32%), and catalase (CAT) activity (1…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1585

Title

STANDARDIZING THE APPROPRIATE DOSES OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) SEEDS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

T. GHOSH; S.K. YADAV; S. YADAV; et al. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2025. doi:10.15666/aeer/2303_58595881

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater germination (92%) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index I (1399) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index II (1813) than the controls.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato germination percentage by 2-11%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato seedling dry weight by 17-29%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato total seedling length by 17-26%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index I by 19-32%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index II by 18-35%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased chlorophyll content by 24-55%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased proline content by 84-131%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased catalase activity by 19-39%.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming increased chlorophyll production, antioxidative mechanisms and osmotic regulation in tomato seedlings.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation accumulation in tomato seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Stress significantly reduced transpiration, net photosynthesis, and intercellular CO2.

Taxon: pomegranatePunica granatume0 t0 e1 e2
Treatment: stress conditionse0 t0 e1 e2
Outcome: transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentratione0 t0 e1 e2
Direction: reducede0 t0 e1 e2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Under stress conditions, the photosynthetic capacity of two pomegranate cultivars, including transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 573–845

t0
“Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–197

e1
“Under stress conditions, the photosynthetic capacity of two pomegranate cultivars, including transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 573–845

e2
“decrease in root morphological traits such as fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–954

Title

Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses

Saeedeh Zarbakhsh; Ali Reza Shahsavar BMC Plant Biology 2023. doi:10.1186/s12870-023-04568-2

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Stress significantly reduced stomatal and mesophyll conductance.
Intervention effect Stress decreased root fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume.
Intervention effect Stress decreased aerial fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect GABA reversed stress effects on growth parameters.
Intervention effect GABA maintained photosynthetic capacity under stress.
Intervention effect GABA increased total soluble carbohydrate, starch, and glucose.
Intervention effect GABA increased fructose and sucrose.
Intervention effect GABA increased uptake of potassium, potassium/sodium, and magnesium.
Intervention effect GABA increased uptake of phosphorus, manganese, zinc, and iron.
Intervention effect GABA up to 40 mM prevented sodium and chloride uptake.

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“dry weight decrease”

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