Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After two long days, only labeled GA20 was identified.

Taxon: SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
Outcome: [(2)H] GA(20)e0
Setting: 2 LDe0

Verbatim

e0
“After 2 LD, only [(2)H] GA(20) was identified.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 509–555

t0
“Spinach”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 80–87

Title

Effect of Photoperiod on the Metabolism of Deuterium-Labeled Gibberellin A₅₃ in Spinach

Thomas Gianfagna; Jan A. D. Zeevaart; William J. Lusk PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1983. doi:10.1104/pp.72.1.86

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Radiolabeled GA20 was metabolized faster under long days.

Taxon: Agrostemma githago L.Agrostemma githagoe1
Treatment: LDe0
Outcome: [(3)H]GA(20)e2
Direction: fastere0
Comparator: SDe0

Verbatim

e0
“Both were metabolized faster under LD than under SD.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 216–268

e1
“Agrostemma githago L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–143

e2
“[(3)H]GA(20) was metabolized to a compound chromatographically identical to 3-epi-GA(1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 269–357

Title

Effect of Photoperiod on Metabolism of [³H] Gibberellins A₁, 3-epi-A₁, and A₂₀ in Agrostemma githago L.

M. George Jones; Jan A. D. Zeevaart PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1982. doi:10.1104/pp.69.3.660

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Radiolabeled GA1 was metabolized faster under long days.
Observation GA20 yielded a compound chromatographically identical to 3-epi-GA1.
Observation GA1 produced two acidic compounds, the major one similar but not identical to GA8.
Observation Under long days, 3-epi-GA1 was metabolized more slowly than GA1.
Observation 3-epi-GA1 formed a very polar metabolite.
Observation GA20 and GA1 feeds also formed very polar metabolites.
Mechanism GA20 was proposed as precursor of 3-epi-GA1.
Observation The precursor of GA1 remained unsupported.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

San Felix germinating embryos had irradiation LD50 between 20 to 30 Gy.

Taxon: avocadoPersea americanat0
Material: ‘San Felix’e0
Outcome: LD{sub 50}e0
Value: 20 to 30 Gye0

Verbatim

e0
“Germinating zygotic embryos of ‘San Felix’ were also gamma irradiated and the LD{sub 50} between 20 to 30 Gy was established.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2328–2453

t0
“avocado (Persea americana Miller)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–120

Title

Somatic embryogenesis and embryo culture coupled with gamma irradiation for generating avocado (Persea americana Miller) mutants in the Philippines

R. A. Avenido; Héctor Gálvez; J. G. Dimaculangan; et al. OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) 2009

Other claims from this paper (16)

Method / resource Avocado plants were regenerated from immature and mature embryo cultures.
Method / resource Embryogenic cultures were induced in eight avocado genotypes.
Observation Semil embryogenic cultures developed somatic embryos.
Observation Mainit embryogenic cultures developed somatic embryos.
Observation Semil shoot regeneration was 16.3% in one trial.
Observation Semil shoot regeneration was 23.0% in another trial.
Observation Semil shoot regeneration was 20.7% in a third trial.
Association Culture age, light and media affected shoot regeneration.
Method / resource R4 was the best regeneration medium.
Intervention effect Gamma irradiation reduced embryogenic culture proliferation and cotyledonary embryo formation.
Intervention effect Shoot regeneration after irradiation was 17.8 to 26.9%, comparable or higher than the 18.3% control.
Method / resource Over 200 putative variant or mutant lines were maintained.
Observation Three asexually propagated Semil mother trees were genetically similar.
Observation A new SSR allele was evident among somatic embryo regenerants without irradiation.
Method / resource Mature embryos of nine genotypes germinated at 100%.
Observation M1V4 shoots were generated from irradiated seedlings.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot growth was generally greater under long days.

Taxon: Salix pentandraSalix pentandrat0
Treatment: LDe0
Outcome: shoot growthe0
Direction: increasede0

Verbatim

e0
“generally increased shoot growth under LD”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1104

t0
“Salix pentandra”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–88

Title

Lack of influence of photoperiod on the metabolism of gibberellin A₂₀ in Salix pentandra

Stewart B. Rood; Olavi Junttila Physiologia Plantarum 1989. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05616.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation GA20 was converted chiefly to GA1.
Observation A minor amount of GA20 converted to GA8 via GA1.
Observation A trace amount of GA20 converted to GA29.
Mechanism Cellulase released putative GA20 and GA1 from ethyl acetate insoluble metabolites, suggesting glucosyl conjugates.
Observation GA20 metabolism was slightly faster in plants previously grown under long days than short days.
Intervention effect Changing photoperiod after GA20 addition had only a slight effect on GA20 metabolism.
Mechanism GA20 to GA1 conversion is interpreted not to control photoperiodic growth cessation.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A selective NaCl dose giving LD20 of 157 mM was established for avocado embryos.

Taxon: avocadoPersea americanae1
Treatment: NaCle2
Outcome: LD{sub 20}e2
Value: 157 mMe2
Qualifier: selectivee2

Verbatim

e1
“In the present work radiation-induced mutation followed by in vitro culture of zygotic embryos and high osmotic pressure selection methods to improve salt tolerance in avocado are investigated”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 110–302

e2
“Both mutagenic (LD{sub 50} = 27-28 Gy) and selective (LD{sub 20} = 157 mM of NaCl) doses were established”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 972–1077

Title

Combining zygotic embryo culture and mutation induction to improve salinity tolerance in avocado (Persea americana Mill)

Jorge Luı́s Fuentes; L. Santiago; Amaury Álvarez; et al. OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) 2009

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

GA20 metabolism was slightly faster in plants previously grown under long days than short days.

Taxon: Salix pentandraSalix pentandrat0
Treatment: LDe0
Outcome: Metabolism of [ 3 H]‐GA 20e0
Direction: slightly more rapide0
Comparator: SDe0

Verbatim

e0
“Metabolism of [ 3 H]‐GA 20 was slightly more rapid in plants previously grown under LD than SD”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 937–1031

t0
“Salix pentandra”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–88

Title

Lack of influence of photoperiod on the metabolism of gibberellin A₂₀ in Salix pentandra

Stewart B. Rood; Olavi Junttila Physiologia Plantarum 1989. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05616.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation GA20 was converted chiefly to GA1.
Observation A minor amount of GA20 converted to GA8 via GA1.
Observation A trace amount of GA20 converted to GA29.
Mechanism Cellulase released putative GA20 and GA1 from ethyl acetate insoluble metabolites, suggesting glucosyl conjugates.
Observation Shoot growth was generally greater under long days.
Intervention effect Changing photoperiod after GA20 addition had only a slight effect on GA20 metabolism.
Mechanism GA20 to GA1 conversion is interpreted not to control photoperiodic growth cessation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Radiolabeled GA1 was metabolized faster under long days.

Taxon: Agrostemma githago L.Agrostemma githagoe1
Treatment: LDe0
Outcome: [(3)H]GA(1)e2
Direction: fastere0
Comparator: SDe0

Verbatim

e0
“Both were metabolized faster under LD than under SD.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 216–268

e1
“Agrostemma githago L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–143

e2
“[(3)H]GA(1) was metabolized to two acidic compounds, the major metabolite having chromatographic properties similar to, but not identical with GA(8).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 358–507

Title

Effect of Photoperiod on Metabolism of [³H] Gibberellins A₁, 3-epi-A₁, and A₂₀ in Agrostemma githago L.

M. George Jones; Jan A. D. Zeevaart PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1982. doi:10.1104/pp.69.3.660

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Radiolabeled GA20 was metabolized faster under long days.
Observation GA20 yielded a compound chromatographically identical to 3-epi-GA1.
Observation GA1 produced two acidic compounds, the major one similar but not identical to GA8.
Observation Under long days, 3-epi-GA1 was metabolized more slowly than GA1.
Observation 3-epi-GA1 formed a very polar metabolite.
Observation GA20 and GA1 feeds also formed very polar metabolites.
Mechanism GA20 was proposed as precursor of 3-epi-GA1.
Observation The precursor of GA1 remained unsupported.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The LD50 for embryogenic response of irradiated leaf explants was around 20 Gy.

Taxon: cassavaManihot esculentat0
Outcome: embryogenic response of leaf-explantse0
Value: around 20 Gye0

Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“LD{sub 50} for embryogenic response of leaf-explants was at around 20 Gy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 991–1063

t0
“cassava”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–32

Title

Somatic embryogenesis in cassava: A tool for mutation breeding

K.S. Lee; M. van Duren; R. Morpurgo OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) 1997

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Calli formed after 10-15 days of explant culture in darkness.
Observation Somatic embryos developed in all but one cassava clone.
Observation Somatic embryos showed fused cotyledons, absent meristematic tips and epicotyl elongation.
Observation Somatic embryos had a low germination rate.
Intervention effect Desiccation increased somatic embryo germination.
Observation Cassava somatic embryos were of multicellular origin.
Intervention effect The LD50 for irradiated somatic embryo germination was about 10 Gy.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Putative C20 gibberellins were elevated in short days compared with long days.

Taxon: peasLathyrus oleraceuse1
Outcome: levels of putative C(20) GAse0
Direction: elevatede0
Comparator: LDe0
Setting: SDe0

Verbatim

e0
“The levels of putative C(20) GAs, [(14)C]GA(53), [(14)C]GA(44), [(14)C]GA(19), and/or [(14)C] GA(17), were all elevated in SD as compared to LD”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 697–840

e1
“In G2 peas (Pisum sativum L.) apical senescence”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–47

Title

Photoperiod Modification of [¹⁴C]Gibberellin A₁₂ Aldehyde Metabolism in Shoots of Pea, Line G2

Peter J. Davies; Paul R. Birnberg; Sonja L. Maki; et al. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1986. doi:10.1104/pp.81.4.991

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation More radioactive products were detected than known pea GA pathways account for.
Observation Three major products appeared to be GA conjugates.
Association Putative radioactive GA was slightly higher in long days.
Observation Putative GA53 was a major metabolite after 30 minutes in short days.
Association Putative GA53 declined after longer treatments while GA44 and GA19/17 levels rose.
Observation GA20 metabolism was slow in both photoperiods.
Observation GA20 and GA19 were the major endogenous gibberellins.
Observation Putative radioactive GA20 and GA19 were never major GA12 aldehyde metabolism products.
Mechanism Photoperiod changed the rate of GA53 production from GA12 aldehyde.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A mutagenic dose of gamma rays giving LD50 of 27-28 Gy was established for avocado embryos.

Taxon: avocadoPersea americanae1
Treatment: gamma rayse7
Outcome: LD{sub 50}e2
Value: 27-28 Gye2
Qualifier: mutagenice2

Verbatim

e1
“In the present work radiation-induced mutation followed by in vitro culture of zygotic embryos and high osmotic pressure selection methods to improve salt tolerance in avocado are investigated”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 110–302

e7
“The survival rates of gamma rays irradiated and salt pressured avocado embryos were also investigated”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–970

e2
“Both mutagenic (LD{sub 50} = 27-28 Gy) and selective (LD{sub 20} = 157 mM of NaCl) doses were established”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 972–1077

Title

Combining zygotic embryo culture and mutation induction to improve salinity tolerance in avocado (Persea americana Mill)

Jorge Luı́s Fuentes; L. Santiago; Amaury Álvarez; et al. OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) 2009

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Germination rates of whole embryos in vitro were higher with mature rather than immature embryos in avocado.
Observation Almost 80% of whole-embryo plantlets were successfully acclimatized under greenhouse conditions.
Method / resource An in vitro propagation method for avocado breeding was optimized and documented.
Observation A selective NaCl dose giving LD20 of 157 mM was established for avocado embryos.
Observation Putative mutant lines were developed from salt tolerant avocado rootstocks.
Observation An avocado gene bank was established in the study.
Recommendation The authors state that the combined methodology is an alternative to traditional breeding methods for salt tolerance in avocado.
Recommendation The authors state that bud multiplication methods in avocado need improvement.

“LD{sub 20}”

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