By organism › Green plants › Balanophoraceae › Balanophora yakushimensis

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The mitogenome is 1.1 Mb and among the largest known.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Outcome: mitogenomee0
Value: 1.1 Mbe0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“At 1.1 Mb, the B. yakushimensis mitogenome is one of the largest known mitogenomes.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 308–391

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Large duplications and short AT-rich repeats generated an exceptionally repeat-rich mitogenome.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Outcome: most repeat-rich mitogenomee0
Qualifier: many large (up to 200 kb) duplications and a massive proliferation of short, AT-rich repeated sequencese0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“Driving this expansion and generating the most repeat-rich mitogenome in land plants are many large (up to 200 kb) duplications and a massive proliferation of short, AT-rich repeated sequences.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 392–585

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Repeat proliferation and an elevated AT-biased mutation rate produced the most AT-rich land-plant mitogenome.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Outcome: most AT-rich land-plant mito-genomee0
Qualifier: repeat proliferation, in conjunction with a highly elevated and unusually AT-biased mutation ratee0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“The repeat proliferation, in conjunction with a highly elevated and unusually AT-biased mutation rate, has produced what is by far the most AT-rich land-plant mito-genome.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 586–757

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Invasive repeats created exceptionally large introns.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Outcome: giant intronse0
Qualifier: invasive repeatse0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“These invasive repeats also created giant introns, unprecedented in size for organelles, and greatly expanded all rDNA exons.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–883

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Invasive repeats greatly expanded rDNA exons.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Gene: rDNAe0
Outcome: rDNA exonse0
Direction: greatly expandede0
Qualifier: invasive repeatse0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“These invasive repeats also created giant introns, unprecedented in size for organelles, and greatly expanded all rDNA exons.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–883

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The mtDNA transition/transversion ratio is a record-low 0.12.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Outcome: transition/transversion ratioe0
Value: 0.12e0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“We discovered a record-low, for all genomes, transition/transversion ratio (0.12) in B. yakushimensis mtDNA”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–991

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Angiosperm mitogenomes span a 26-fold range in transition/transversion ratio.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Outcome: 26-fold range in this ratioe0
Qualifier: across angiosperm mitogenomese0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“documented a 26-fold range in this ratio across angiosperm mitogenomes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 996–1066

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The nuclear genome has lost exceptionally many organellar DNA recombination, repair and replication genes.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Gene: genes that function in organellar DNA recombination, repair, and replication (RRR)e0
Outcome: lost exceptionally many genese0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“The B. yakushimensis nuclear genome has lost exceptionally many genes that function in organellar DNA recombination, repair, and replication (RRR).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1068–1215

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Loss of nuclear genes for organellar DNA RRR may explain some unusual organellar genome features.

Taxon: Balanophora yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensist0
Gene: nuclear genes for organellar DNA RRRe0
Outcome: unusual featurese0

Verbatim

t0
“Balanophora yakushimensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–80

e0
“The unprecedented loss of nuclear genes for organellar DNA RRR may explain some of these unusual features.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1519–1625

Title

A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes

Runxian Yu; Xueke Zhi; Luis Federico Ceriotti; et al. BMC Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02449-8

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B. yakushimensis was confirmed present in Taiwan.

Taxon: B. yakushimensisBalanophora yakushimensise1
Outcome: presence in Taiwane0
Setting: Taiwane0

Verbatim

e0
“In this study we confirmed their presence in Taiwan by morphological and phylogenetic analysis using nuclear 18S rDNA and nrITS sequences with related taxa.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 203–359

e1
“Balanophora japonica and B. yakushimensis are two putatively agamospermic taxa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–78

Title

Morphology and phylogenetics of two holoparasitic plants, Balanophora japonica and Balanophora yakushimensis (Balanophoraceae), and their hosts in Taiwan and Japan

Huei-Jiun SuJin 2012

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation B. japonica was confirmed present in Taiwan.
Observation B. japonica, B. yakushimensis and B. laxiflora formed a well-supported clade distinct from other Balanophora.
Observation The three taxa showed considerable morphological differences.
Observation The three taxa showed considerable nucleotide sequence differences.
Observation The authors retained the name B. yakushimensis.
Recommendation The authors suggest reducing the taxonomic weight of female flower position.
Observation B. japonica parasitizes Symplocos species.
Observation B. yakushimensis parasitizes Distylium racemosum in Japan.
Observation B. yakushimensis parasitizes Schima superba in Taiwan.

Balanophora yakushimensis 13 claims

13 claims