Intervention effectmodel-written summary

Maximum grain filling rate of wheat (2.28 mg.day-1) was obtained with full irrigation, mycorrhiza with Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium and foliar 1 mM putrescine, versus the least with booting-stage irrigation withholding and no putrescine or bio fertilizers

A claim from Effects of Holding Irrigation at Reproductive Stages and Putrescine and Bio Fertilizers Application on Grain Filling Period, Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2021

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maximum grain filling rate of wheat (2.28 mg.day-1) was obtained with full irrigation, mycorrhiza with Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium and foliar 1 mM putrescine, versus the least with booting-stage irrigation withholding and no putrescine or bio fertilizers

Taxon
Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment
full irrigation, application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim and foliar application 1 mM of putrescinee1
Outcome
grain filling ratee1
Direction
maximume1
Value
2.28 mg.day-1e1
Comparator
irrigation withholding at booting stage and no application of putrescine and bio fertilizerse2

Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 158–186
e1

“maximum of grain weight (0.0641 g), grain filling rate (2.28 mg.day-1), grain filling period (39.7 day) and effective grain filling period (28.14 day) were obtained in full irrigation, application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim and foliar application 1 mM of putrescine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2716–3002
e2

“the least of these traits (0.0361 g, 1.6 mg. day-1, 33.15 and 22.57 days respectively) were obtained in irrigation withholding at booting stage and no application of putrescine and bio fertilizers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3007–3203

Title

Effects of Holding Irrigation at Reproductive Stages and Putrescine and Bio Fertilizers Application on Grain Filling Period, Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A Mohseni Mohammadjanlou; R Seyedsharifi; S Khomari DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2021. doi:10.22067/jcesc.2021.67402.1000

Other claims from this paper (13)

Record rev-d9ada126738951c6d4757ceac1ab3d0e34d88a8ee686aeac78a1566e97f929c0 · schema claims-v0.9 · position 2 in the model’s answer

putrescine · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

10 papers: 9 positive, 1 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this claim · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
    Exogenous putrescine had no significant effect on grain filling rate and weight.

    The Relationship between Polyamines and Hormones in the Regulation of Wheat Grain Filling · 2013

    Opposite direction

  2. positive
    Putrescine increased wheat yield components relative to untreated plants.

    PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF WHEAT PLANT TO FOLIAR TREATMENTS WITH ARGININE OR PUTRESCINE · 2008 · compared with untreated ones

    Same direction

  3. positive
    Putrescine at 1 mM increased tillers number by 80% versus untreated wheat.

    The Promotive Effect of Putrescine on Growth, Biochemical Constituents, and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants under Water Stress · 2023 · compared with the untreated plants

    Same direction

  4. positive
    Putrescine through 1.0 PPM improved physiological and yield traits.

    Foliar application of putrescine alleviates terminal drought stress by modulating water status, membrane stability, and yield- related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2023 · compared with 0.0

    Same direction

  5. positive
    Putrescine application enhanced grain number and grain weight of wheat under non-stress and water stress conditions.

    Field efficacy of exogenously applied putrescine in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under water-stress conditions · 2011

    Same direction

  6. positive
    Seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put gave better growth and yield characteristics of wheat under 2.0 mM Pb2+ stress than seed soaking in water.

    PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) PLANTS TO POLYAMINES UNDER LEAD STRESS · 2021 · compared with seed soaking in water

    Same direction

  7. positive
    Foliar 4mM putrescine increased grain yield by 14% over the control, after salicylic acid

    Assessing the efficacy of synthetic compounds foliar sprays in alleviating terminal heat stress in late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum) · 2025 · compared with control treatment

    Same direction

  8. positive
    Putrescine reduced O2 production rate by about 35% relative to drought stress.

    Effect of exogenous putrescine on membrane lipid peroxidation in winter wheat seedling leaves under drought stress. · 2009 · compared with drought stress

    Same direction

1 paper more in this group

See all 10 papers →

mycorrhiza · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

103 papers: 95 positive, 8 negative or no effect

94 papers in the same direction as this claim · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
    Low AM fungal colonisation did not affect early wheat growth, pre-anthesis P and Zn uptake, or yield.

    Increasing mycorrhizal colonisation does not improve growth and nutrition of wheat on Vertosols in south-eastern Australia · 2002

    Opposite direction

  2. no effect
    AMF inoculation did not increase wheat grain or shoot yields under metal treatments.

    Potential of AM Fungi in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and Effect on Yield of Wheat Crop · 2014

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    AMF seed coating did not improve N assimilation, grain yield or root weight of wheat, and the N assimilation benefit was not visible even without N

    Improving nitrogen use efficiency using precision nitrogen management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2021

    Opposite direction

  4. no effect
    Mycorrhizal wheat had no yield penalty across soil treatments.

    Response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and biochar application: Implications for soil carbon sequestration · 2024

    Opposite direction

  5. negative
    AM inoculum reduced yield in ploughed plots from 4.3 to 3.5 t ha −1.

    Experimental evaluation of biological regeneration of arable soil: The effects of grass-clover leys and arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants on wheat growth, yield, and shoot pathology · 2022

    Opposite direction

  6. no effect
    AMF inoculation did not increase wheat yield under elevated ozone.

    [Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on wheat growth in response to elevated tropospheric O3 concentration]. · 2009

    Opposite direction

  7. negative
    Plots with foliar phosphorus but without mycorrhiza had the minimum grain yield of 6.67 ton ha -1.

    Wheat performance as affected by pre-plant and foliar application of phosphorus under inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and non-inoculation · 2014

    Opposite direction

  8. no effect
    Overall growth and yield of spring wheat did not differ greatly between organic and conventional AM fungal inocula.

    Different wheat cultivars exhibit variable responses to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from organic and conventional farms · 2020 · compared with conventional AM fungal inocula

    No difference from an alternative

94 papers more in this group

See all 103 papers →

application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

877 papers: 795 positive, 82 negative or no effect

794 papers in the same direction as this claim · 75 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
    Foliar N applications showed no consistent increase or decrease in grain yield, straw yield or straw N.

    Influence of Late‐Season Foliar Nitrogen Applications on Yield and Grain Nitrogen in Winter Wheat · 2002

    Opposite direction

  2. negative
    Boot-stage foliar N significantly reduced grain yield of hard red spring wheat by 5%.

    Foliar Nitrogen Application Timing Influence on Grain Yield and Protein Concentration of Hard Red Winter and Spring Wheat · 2003

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    soil application of Fe-EDDHA did not significantly affect wheat dry matter yield.

    Interaction of Iron with Copper, Zinc, and Manganese in Wheat as Affected by Iron and Manganese in a Calcareous Soil · 2008

    Opposite direction

  4. no effect
    One and two fungicide sprays did not differ significantly in increasing wheat grain yield.

    Reduction of Winter Wheat Yield Losses Caused by Stripe Rust through Fungicide Management · 2016 · compared with One

    Opposite direction

  5. negative
    Boot stage foliar nitrogen reduced spring wheat grain yield by 5%.

    Foliar Nitrogen Application Timing Influence on Grain Yield and Protein Concentration of Hard Red Winter and Spring Wheat · 2003

    Opposite direction

  6. no effect
    Foliar Zn had no significant effect on wheat grain yield.

    Foliar zinc fertilization improves the zinc nutritional value of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain · 2011

    Opposite direction

  7. no effect
    Nano-N plus nano-Zn with 75% conventional N gave wheat and maize grain yield at par with full conventional fertilizer.

    Changes in microbial community structure and yield responses with the use of nano-fertilizers of nitrogen and zinc in wheat–maize system · 2024 · compared with N 100 PK

    Opposite direction

  8. negative
    Starting sprays eight weeks after emergence increased yield losses versus starting at emergence.

    Role of winter-active aphids spreading Barley yellow dwarf virus in decreasing wheat yields in a Mediterranean-type environment · 2005 · compared with regular applications started at emergence

    Opposite direction

868 papers more in this group

See all 877 papers →

3 of 4 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.