Abstract
Loblolly pine seedlings with ectomycorrhizae formed by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally occurring Thelephora terrestris (Tt) were planted on a borrow pit in South Carolina in plots with no amendment; with fertilizer plus dolomitic limestone alone and with pine bark or bottom ash or bark and ash together; or with dried sewage sludge alone and with bark or ash or bark and ash together. All plots were subsoiled, disked, and seeded to fescue grass before planting pine seedlings. Naturally occurring Pt formed abundant ectomycorrhizae on all Tt seedlings by the end of the first season, precluding any specific ectomycorrhizal fungus effect for the duration of the study. Sewage sludge alone or with bark or ash amendments dramatically improved pine seedling growth and grass biomass in comparison with other soil treatments. Mean seedling volume (D/sup 2/H) was 28 times greater and grass biomass was five times greater in the sludge plots than on nonsludge plots. Generally, soil amended with sludge contained more N, P, organic matter, and had a higher cation exchange capacity than soil of other treatments. Foliage of pine seedlings in sludge-amended soil also contained more N and less Ca than other seedlings. The significance of these results tomore » reclamation of borrow pits is discussed.« less
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pisolithus tinctorius formed abundant ectomycorrhizae on Thelephora-associated pine seedlings.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine
Pinus taedae1 - Interactor
- Pisolithus tinctorius
Pisolithus tinctoriuse1symbiont - Second interactor
- Thelephora terrestris
Thelephora terrestrise1symbiont - Outcome
- abundant ectomycorrhizae on all Tt seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Naturally occurring Pt formed abundant ectomycorrhizae on all Tt seedlings by the end of the first season”
e1“Loblolly pine seedlings with ectomycorrhizae formed by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally occurring Thelephora terrestris (Tt)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge increased pine seedling growth relative to other soil treatments.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pinePinus taedae1
- Treatment
- Sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- pine seedling growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- other soil treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sewage sludge alone or with bark or ash amendments dramatically improved pine seedling growth and grass biomass in comparison with other soil treatments”
e1“Loblolly pine seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge increased fescue grass biomass relative to other soil treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Sewage sludge alone or with bark or ash amendments dramatically improved pine seedling growth and grass biomass in comparison with other soil treatments”
e1“fescue grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine seedling volume was 28 times greater on sludge plots.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pinePinus taedae1
- Treatment
- sludge plotse0
- Outcome
- Mean seedling volumee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 28 timese0
- Comparator
- nonsludge plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean seedling volume (D/sup 2/H) was 28 times greater and grass biomass was five times greater in the sludge plots than on nonsludge plots”
e1“Loblolly pine seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass biomass was five times greater on sludge plots.
Verbatim
e0“grass biomass was five times greater in the sludge plots than on nonsludge plots”
e1“fescue grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge-amended soil had more N, P and organic matter and higher cation exchange capacity.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pinePinus taedae1
- Treatment
- sludgee0
- Outcome
- N, P, organic matter, and had a higher cation exchange capacitye0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- soil of other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil amended with sludge contained more N, P, organic matter, and had a higher cation exchange capacity than soil of other treatments”
e1“Loblolly pine seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine foliage had more N under sludge amendment.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pinePinus taedae1
- Organ / stage
- Foliagee0
- Treatment
- sludge-amended soile0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- other seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliage of pine seedlings in sludge-amended soil also contained more N and less Ca than other seedlings”
e1“Loblolly pine seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine foliage had less Ca under sludge amendment.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pinePinus taedae1
- Organ / stage
- Foliagee0
- Treatment
- sludge-amended soile0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- other seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliage of pine seedlings in sludge-amended soil also contained more N and less Ca than other seedlings”
e1“Loblolly pine seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
organic · nutrient: content · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
organic · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
organic · molecular: metabolites · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.