Abstract
Chlorotic dwarf of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) results from air pollution injury to foliage of genetically susceptible trees. The product of field symptoms on susceptible ramets was related directly to ambient levels of single and multiple pollutants in white pine plantations. Ozone and sulfur dioxide, independently or synergistically, promote early symptoms of needle mottling and premature defoliation in the chlorotic dwarf syndrome. With continued chlorophyll breakdown and needle loss as observed in long-term fumigation runs, the advanced symptoms of chlorotic dwarf, primarily dwarfing, can be expected to occur, since growth is a function of photosynthetic activity. Results obtained suggest that the etiology of other physiogenic needle blights of white pine may be explained similarly by gaseous synergisms. When recorded levels of single gases alone are insufficient to damage trees, they may combine and cause injury before either pollutant in itself would do damage.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone and sulfur dioxide, independently or synergistically, promote early needle mottling and premature defoliation in white pine.
- Taxon
- Pinus strobus
_-_Killarney%2C_Ontario_01.jpg?width=60)
Pinus strobuse0 - Organ / stage
- needlee1
- Treatment
- Ozone and sulfur dioxidee1
- Outcome
- early symptoms of needle mottling and premature defoliatione1
- Direction
- promotee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Killarney%2C_Ontario_01.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Chlorotic dwarf of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) results from air pollution injury to foliage of genetically susceptible trees”
e1“Ozone and sulfur dioxide, independently or synergistically, promote early symptoms of needle mottling and premature defoliation in the chlorotic dwarf syndrome”
Claim · model-written summary
Continued chlorophyll breakdown and needle loss are expected to advance chlorotic dwarf to primarily dwarfing in white pine, since growth depends on photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- Pinus strobusPinus strobuse0
- Outcome
- advanced symptoms of chlorotic dwarf, primarily dwarfinge2
- Qualifier
- With continued chlorophyll breakdown and needle losse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorotic dwarf of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) results from air pollution injury to foliage of genetically susceptible trees”
e2“With continued chlorophyll breakdown and needle loss as observed in long-term fumigation runs, the advanced symptoms of chlorotic dwarf, primarily dwarfing, can be expected to occur, since growth is a function of photosynthetic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Field symptoms on susceptible white pine trees were directly related to ambient levels of single and multiple pollutants in white pine plantations.
Verbatim
e3“The product of field symptoms on susceptible ramets was related directly to ambient levels of single and multiple pollutants in white pine plantations”
Claim · model-written summary
Other physiogenic needle blights of white pine may be explained similarly by gaseous synergisms.
Verbatim
e4“Results obtained suggest that the etiology of other physiogenic needle blights of white pine may be explained similarly by gaseous synergisms”
Claim · model-written summary
Single gas levels too low to damage trees may combine and injure white pine before either pollutant alone would.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorotic dwarf of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) results from air pollution injury to foliage of genetically susceptible trees”
e5“When recorded levels of single gases alone are insufficient to damage trees, they may combine and cause injury before either pollutant in itself would do damage”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · disease · Pinus strobus (Eastern white pine)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.