Abstract
This study examined the macronutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities of yellow soybean sprout (YSS) and green soybean sprout (GSS) with different germination days. YSS and GSS were obtained by sprouting soybean in darkness or with light exposure at 21 °C. Lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and ash contents were analyzed before and after soybean germination. Phytochemicals (total phenolic compounds, saponin, and isoflavone) were also determined. DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were determined to examine the antioxidant activities of soybean sprout. Results showed YSS had a higher yield than GSS. Based on dry mass composition, 7-d germination of GSS decreased 14% protein, 37% lipid, 22% carbohydrate, and 16% ash, whereas 7-d germination of YSS decreased 6% protein and 47% lipid. Carbohydrate did not change and ash significantly increased for the 7-d germinated YSS. Lipid was greatly metabolized in germination, which explained why the protein relative percentage in dried soybean sprout was higher than that in the corresponding soybean. Total phenolic compounds and saponin (mg/g soybean sprout, dry basis) had the same accumulation trend in soybean sprout with the increases in germination days. Aglycone isoflavones (genistein, glycitein, and daidzein) and daidzin showed an increased trend, whereas malonylgenistin and malonylglycitin showed a decreased trend with germination days for both GSS and YSS. The change in other isoflavones did not show definite trends. GSS had 20% more antioxidant activities than YSS (7-d germinated soybean sprout). The increases in ORAC antioxidant activity suggest eating GSS may be more beneficial than GSS for promoting human health.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow soybean sprouts yielded more than green soybean sprouts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed YSS had a higher yield than GSS.”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day germination decreased protein in green soybean sprouts by 14%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- GSSe0
- Treatment
- 7-d germinatione0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7-d germination of GSS decreased 14% protein, 37% lipid, 22% carbohydrate, and 16% ash”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day germination decreased lipid in green soybean sprouts by 37%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- GSSe0
- Treatment
- 7-d germinatione0
- Outcome
- lipide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7-d germination of GSS decreased 14% protein, 37% lipid, 22% carbohydrate, and 16% ash”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day germination decreased carbohydrate in green soybean sprouts by 22%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- GSSe0
- Treatment
- 7-d germinatione0
- Outcome
- carbohydratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7-d germination of GSS decreased 14% protein, 37% lipid, 22% carbohydrate, and 16% ash”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day germination decreased ash in green soybean sprouts by 16%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- GSSe0
- Treatment
- 7-d germinatione0
- Outcome
- ashe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7-d germination of GSS decreased 14% protein, 37% lipid, 22% carbohydrate, and 16% ash”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day germination decreased protein in yellow soybean sprouts by 6%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- YSSe0
- Treatment
- 7-d germinatione0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7-d germination of YSS decreased 6% protein and 47% lipid”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day germination decreased lipid in yellow soybean sprouts by 47%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- YSSe0
- Treatment
- 7-d germinatione0
- Outcome
- lipide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7-d germination of YSS decreased 6% protein and 47% lipid”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate did not change in seven-day yellow soybean sprouts.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- YSSe0
- Treatment
- 7-d germinatede0
- Outcome
- Carbohydratee0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbohydrate did not change and ash significantly increased for the 7-d germinated YSS.”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash increased significantly in seven-day yellow soybean sprouts.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbohydrate did not change and ash significantly increased for the 7-d germinated YSS.”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid was extensively metabolized during germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Lipide0
- Qualifier
- in germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lipid was greatly metabolized in germination”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid metabolism during germination explains the higher relative protein percentage in dried sprouts than in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- protein relative percentagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Lipid was greatly metabolized in germinatione0
- Comparator
- corresponding soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lipid was greatly metabolized in germination, which explained why the protein relative percentage in dried soybean sprout was higher than that in the corresponding soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic compounds and saponin accumulated with germination days in the same trend.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- soybean sproute0
- Outcome
- Total phenolic compounds and saponine0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic compounds and saponin (mg/g soybean sprout, dry basis) had the same accumulation trend in soybean sprout with the increases in germination days.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aglycone isoflavones increased with germination days in both sprout types.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- GSS and YSSe0
- Outcome
- Aglycone isoflavones (genistein, glycitein, and daidzein)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aglycone isoflavones (genistein, glycitein, and daidzein) and daidzin showed an increased trend, whereas malonylgenistin and malonylglycitin showed a decreased trend with germination days for both GSS and YSS.”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Daidzin increased with germination days in both sprout types.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- GSS and YSSe0
- Outcome
- daidzine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aglycone isoflavones (genistein, glycitein, and daidzein) and daidzin showed an increased trend, whereas malonylgenistin and malonylglycitin showed a decreased trend with germination days for both GSS and YSS.”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Malonylgenistin and malonylglycitin decreased with germination days in both sprout types.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- GSS and YSSe0
- Outcome
- malonylgenistin and malonylglycitine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“malonylgenistin and malonylglycitin showed a decreased trend with germination days for both GSS and YSS.”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Other isoflavones showed no definite trend.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- other isoflavonese0
- Direction
- did not show definite trendse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The change in other isoflavones did not show definite trends.”
t0“Soybean Sprout”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day green sprouts had 20% more antioxidant activity than yellow sprouts.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- GSSe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- YSSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSS had 20% more antioxidant activities than YSS (7-d germinated soybean sprout).”
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