Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2004-05 to 2007-08 at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, to study the effect of organic, chemical and integrated (50:50) nutrient management (INM) practices on the productivity, nutrient up- take, soil fertility and economics of 4 soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) based cropping systems involving durum wheat ( Tr iticum durum Desf), mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss .), chickpea ( Cicer ar ietinum L) and isabgol ( Plantago ovata Fors k). The productivity of crops in these systems was higher in the integrated nutrient management compared to either chemical fertilizers or organic manures, in all the years. In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively, whereas in the fourth year (2007-08), the pro- ductivity of these crops was improved by 11.1, 1.1, 3.0, 4.2 and 11.2 % than chemical fertilizers. Among the treat- ments, soybean- durum wheat cropping system recorded the highest soybean equivalent yield (4.54 t/ha) under integrated nutrient management. Maximum uptake of N, P and K was recorded in integrated nutrient manage- ment and soybean- durum wheat cropping system. At the end of the 4 cropping cycles, application of organic ma- nures resulted in significantly higher soil organic carbon, available N, P and K than chemical fertilizers but was on par with the integrated nutrient management. Economic returns were the highest in the INM and soybean- du- rum wheat cropping system and they were similar between the treatments receiving organic manures and chemical fertilizers.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management gave higher crop productivity than either chemical fertilizers or organic manures in all years.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- integrated nutrient managemente1
- Outcome
- productivity of cropse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- in all the yearse1
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers or organic manurese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - based cropping systems”
e1“The productivity of crops in these systems was higher in the integrated nutrient management compared to either chemical fertilizers or organic manures, in all the years”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure reduced productivity of soybean by 7.8% in the first year.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- organic manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- productivitye1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 7.8e1
- Qualifier
- first year (2004- 05)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure reduced productivity of durum wheat by 5.6% in the first year.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1 - Treatment
- organic manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- productivitye1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 5.6e1
- Qualifier
- first year (2004- 05)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure reduced productivity of mustard by 9.4% in the first year.
- Taxon
- mustarde1
- Treatment
- organic manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- productivitye1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 9.4e1
- Qualifier
- first year (2004- 05)e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure reduced productivity of chickpea by 3.0% in the first year.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- organic manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- productivitye1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 3.0e1
- Qualifier
- first year (2004- 05)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure reduced productivity of isabgol by 2.5% in the first year.
- Taxon
- isabgole1
- Treatment
- organic manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- productivitye1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 2.5e1
- Qualifier
- first year (2004- 05)e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure improved productivity of soybean by 11.1% compared with chemical fertilizers in the fourth year.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- organic manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- productivitye1
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 11.1e2
- Qualifier
- fourth year (2007-08)e2
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
e2“whereas in the fourth year (2007-08), the pro- ductivity of these crops was improved by 11.1, 1.1, 3.0, 4.2 and 11.2 % than chemical fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure improved productivity of durum wheat by 1.1% compared with chemical fertilizers in the fourth year.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- organic manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- productivitye1
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 1.1e2
- Qualifier
- fourth year (2007-08)e2
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
e2“whereas in the fourth year (2007-08), the pro- ductivity of these crops was improved by 11.1, 1.1, 3.0, 4.2 and 11.2 % than chemical fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure improved productivity of mustard by 3.0% compared with chemical fertilizers in the fourth year.
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
e2“whereas in the fourth year (2007-08), the pro- ductivity of these crops was improved by 11.1, 1.1, 3.0, 4.2 and 11.2 % than chemical fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure improved productivity of chickpea by 4.2% compared with chemical fertilizers in the fourth year.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- organic manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- productivitye1
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 4.2e2
- Qualifier
- fourth year (2007-08)e2
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
e2“whereas in the fourth year (2007-08), the pro- ductivity of these crops was improved by 11.1, 1.1, 3.0, 4.2 and 11.2 % than chemical fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure improved productivity of isabgol by 11.2% compared with chemical fertilizers in the fourth year.
Verbatim
e1“In the first year (2004- 05), the organic manure treatment recorded 7.8, 5.6, 9.4, 3.0 and 2.5 % reduction in the productivity of soybean, durum wheat, mustard, chickpea and isabgol crops, respectively”
e2“whereas in the fourth year (2007-08), the pro- ductivity of these crops was improved by 11.1, 1.1, 3.0, 4.2 and 11.2 % than chemical fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
The soybean-durum wheat cropping system had the highest soybean equivalent yield, 4.54 t/ha, under integrated nutrient management.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- integrated nutrient managemente3
- Outcome
- soybean equivalent yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 4.54 t/hae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - based cropping systems”
e3“soybean- durum wheat cropping system recorded the highest soybean equivalent yield (4.54 t/ha) under integrated nutrient management”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum uptake of N, P and K was recorded under integrated nutrient management and the soybean-durum wheat cropping system.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- integrated nutrient manage- mente4
- Outcome
- uptake of N, P and Ke4
- Direction
- Maximume4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - based cropping systems”
e4“Maximum uptake of N, P and K was recorded in integrated nutrient manage- ment and soybean- durum wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures gave significantly higher soil organic carbon than chemical fertilizers after four cropping cycles.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- organic ma- nurese5
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone5
- Direction
- significantly highere5
- Qualifier
- At the end of the 4 cropping cyclese5
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - based cropping systems”
e5“At the end of the 4 cropping cycles, application of organic ma- nures resulted in significantly higher soil organic carbon, available N, P and K than chemical fertilizers but was on par with the integrated nutrient management”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures gave significantly higher available N, P and K in soil than chemical fertilizers after four cropping cycles.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- organic ma- nurese5
- Outcome
- available N, P and Ke5
- Direction
- significantly highere5
- Qualifier
- At the end of the 4 cropping cyclese5
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - based cropping systems”
e5“At the end of the 4 cropping cycles, application of organic ma- nures resulted in significantly higher soil organic carbon, available N, P and K than chemical fertilizers but was on par with the integrated nutrient management”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures were on par with integrated nutrient management for soil organic carbon, available N, P and K after four cropping cycles.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- organic ma- nurese5
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon, available N, P and Ke5
- Direction
- on par withe5
- Comparator
- integrated nutrient managemente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - based cropping systems”
e5“At the end of the 4 cropping cycles, application of organic ma- nures resulted in significantly higher soil organic carbon, available N, P and K than chemical fertilizers but was on par with the integrated nutrient management”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic returns were highest under INM and the soybean-durum wheat cropping system.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- INMe6
- Outcome
- Economic returnse6
- Direction
- higheste6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - based cropping systems”
e6“Economic returns were the highest in the INM and soybean- du- rum wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic returns were similar between plots receiving organic manures and those receiving chemical fertilizers.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- organic manurese7
- Outcome
- Economic returnse6
- Direction
- similare7
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - based cropping systems”
e6“Economic returns were the highest in the INM and soybean- du- rum wheat cropping system”
e7“they were similar between the treatments receiving organic manures and chemical fertilizers”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Results differ
67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →fertilization · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
325 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
341 papers more in this group
See all 345 papers →fertilization · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1,020 papers in the same direction as this paper · 155 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,188 papers more in this group
See all 1,192 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.